 |
|
Geography |
A Y-shaped chain of four main islands and 80 smaller islands; several of the islands have active volcanoes and there are several underwater volcanoes as well |
Location: |
Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia |
Geographic coordinates: |
16 00 S, 167 00 E |
Area: |
total: 12,189 sq km land: 12,189 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes more than 80 islands, about 65 of which are inhabited
Size comparison: slightly larger than Connecticut |
Land Boundaries: |
0 km |
Coastline: |
2,528 km |
Maritime claims: |
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin |
Climate: |
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April |
Terrain: |
mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains |
Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Tabwemasana 1,877 m |
Natural resources: |
manganese, hardwood forests, fish |
Land use: |
arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 10.25% other: 88.11% (2011) |
Irrigated land: |
NA |
Natural hazards: |
tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanic eruption on Aoba (Ambae) island began on 27 November 2005, volcanism also causes minor earthquakes; tsunamis volcanism: significant volcanic activity with multiple eruptions in recent years; Yasur (elev. 361 m), one of the world’s most active volcanoes, has experienced continuous activity in recent centuries; other historically active volcanoes include, Aoba, Ambrym, Epi, Gaua, Kuwae, Lopevi, Suretamatai, and Traitor’s Head |
Current Environment Issues: |
most of the population does not have access to a reliable supply of potable water; deforestation |
International Environment Agreements: |
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
^Back to Top |
People |
Nationality: |
noun: Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural) adjective: Ni-Vanuatu |
Ethnic groups: |
Ni-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census) |
Languages: |
local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama – official) 23.1%, English (official) 1.9%, French (official) 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census) |
Religions: |
Protestant 55.6% (Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%), Roman Catholic 13.1%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census) |
Population: |
261,565 (July 2013 est.) |
Age structure: |
0-14 years: 37.9% (male 50,548/female 48,477) 15-24 years: 19.7% (male 25,685/female 25,900) 25-54 years: 34% (male 43,552/female 45,273) 55-64 years: 4.9% (male 6,493/female 6,289) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 4,817/female 4,531) (2013 est.) |
Dependency ratios: |
total dependency ratio: 69.5 % youth dependency ratio: 62.8 % elderly dependency ratio: 6.7 % potential support ratio: 15 (2013) |
Median age: |
total: 20.8 years
male: 20.4 years female: 21.1 years (2013 est.) |
Population growth rate: |
2.06% (2013 est.) |
Birth rate: |
26.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) |
Death rate: |
4.2 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) |
Net migration rate: |
-1.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) |
Urbanization: |
urban population: 26% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) |
Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.07 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2013 est.) |
Maternal mortality rate: |
110 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) |
Infant mortality rate: |
total: 17.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.34 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.) |
Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 72.38 years
male: 70.83 years female: 74 years (2013 est.) |
Total fertility rate: |
3.47 children born/woman (2013 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate: |
38.4% (2007) |
Health expenditures: |
5.3% of GDP (2010) |
Physicians density: |
0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2008) |
Hospital bed density: |
1.69 beds/1,000 population (2008) |
Drinking water source: |
improved: urban: 98% of population rural: 87% of population total: 90% of population unimproved: urban: 2% of population rural: 13% of population total: 10% of population (2010 est.) |
Sanitation facility access: |
improved: urban: 64% of population rural: 54% of population total: 57% of population unimproved: urban: 36% of population rural: 46% of population total: 43% of population (2010 est.) |
Obesity – adult prevalence rate: |
27.5% (2008) |
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: |
11.7% (2007) |
Education expenditures: |
5.2% of GDP (2009) |
Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.2% male: NA 84.9% female: NA 81.6% (2011 est.) |
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): |
total: 11 years
male: 11 years female: 10 years (2004) |
^Back to Top |
Government |
Country name: |
conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu conventional short form: Vanuatu local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu local short form: Vanuatu former: New Hebrides |
Government type: |
parliamentary republic |
Capital: |
name: Port-Vila (on Efate) geographic coordinates: 17 44 S, 168 19 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
Administrative divisions: |
6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba |
Independence: |
30 July 1980 (from France and the UK) |
National holiday: |
Independence Day, 30 July (1980) |
Constitution: |
30 July 1980 |
Legal system: |
mixed legal system of English common law, French law, and customary law |
Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal |
Executive branch: |
chief of state: President Iolu Johnson ABBIL (since 3 September 2009) head of government: Prime Minister Moana CARCASSES Kalosil (since 23 March 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament (For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held on 2 September 2009 (next to be held in 2014); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually elected prime minister by parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held on 23 March 2013 (next to be held following general elections in 2016) election results: Iolu Johnson ABBIL elected president, with 41 votes out of 58, on the third ballot on 2 September 2009; Moana CARCASSES Kalosil was elected prime minister following the resignation of Sato KILMAN on 21 March 2013 |
Legislative branch: |
unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 30 October 2012 (next to be held in 2016) election results: percent of vote by party – NA; seats by party – VP 8, PPP 6, UMP 5, GJP 4, NUP 4, IG 3, GC 3, NAG 3, RMC 3, MPP 2, NIPDP 2, PSP 1, VLDP 1, VNP 1, VPDP 1, VRP 1, and independent 4; note – political party associations are fluid note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture and language |
Judicial branch: |
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 3 judges); note – appeals from the Supreme Court are considered by the Court of Appeal, constituted by 2 or more judges of the Supreme Court sitting together judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission, a 4-member advisory body; judges appointed until age of retirement subordinate courts: magistrates’ courts; island courts |
Political parties and leaders: |
Greens Confederation or GC [Moana CARCASSES Kalosil] Iauko Group or IG [NA] Land and Justice Party (Graon mo Jastis Pati) or GJP [Ralph REGENVANU] Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE] Nagriamel movement or NAG [NA] Natatok Indigenous People’s Democratic Party or (NATATOK) or NIPDP [Alfred Roland CARLOT] National United Party or NUP [Ham LINI] People’s Progressive Party or PPP [Sato KILMAN] People’s Service Party or PSP [Don KEN] Reunification of Movement for Change or RMC [Charlot SALWAI] Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR] Vanua’aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI] Vanuatu Democratic Party [Maxime Carlot KORMAN] Vanuatu Liberal Democratic Party or VLDP [Tapangararua WILLIE] Vanuatu National Party or VNP [Issac HAMARILIU] Vanuatu Progressive Development Party or VPDP [Robert Bohn SIKOL] Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Marcellino PIPITE] |
Political pressure groups and leaders: |
NA |
International organization participation: |
ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, IOC, IOM, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
National symbol(s): |
boar’s tusk |
National anthem: |
name: “Yumi, Yumi, Yumi” (We, We, We) lyrics/music: Francois Vincent AYSSAV note: adopted 1980, the anthem is written in Bislama, a Creole language that mixes Pidgin English and French |
Diplomatic representation in the US: |
Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US; it does, however, have a Permanent Mission to the UN |
Diplomatic representation from the US: |
the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the US ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu |
^Back to Top |
Economy |
This South Pacific island economy is based primarily on small-scale agriculture, which provides a living for about two-thirds of the population. Fishing, offshore financial services, and tourism, with nearly 197,000 visitors in 2008, are other mainstays of the economy. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties. Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from main markets and between constituent islands. In response to foreign concerns, the government has promised to tighten regulation of its offshore financial center. In mid-2002, the government stepped up efforts to boost tourism through improved air connections, resort development, and cruise ship facilities. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is a second target for growth. Australia and New Zealand are the main suppliers of tourists and foreign aid. |
You must be logged in to post a comment.