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Theodosius the Great (Cenobiarch) Sfantul Teodosie cel Mare)

Theodosius the Great (Cenobiarch)

Theodosius the Great (Cenobiarch) – 11th century mosaic in the Nea Moni Monastery (Greece)

The Venerable Saint Theodosius the Great, also Theodosius the Cenobiarch lived during the fifth-sixth centuries (423 AD – 529 AD), and was the founder and organizer of the cenobitic way of monastic life.^{[note 1]} The monastery that he founded in 476 AD became known as the “Monastery of St. Theodosius“, and includes his tomb.^{[note 2]} His feast day is on January 11.

Life

Saint Theodosius was born in the province of Cappadocia in the village of Mogarissus. His parents Proheresius and Eulogia were very devout.

Endowed with a splendid voice, he zealously toiled at church reading and singing. St Theodosius prayed fervently that the Lord would guide him on the way to salvation. In his early years he visited the Holy Land and met with St Symeon the Stylite (September 1), who blessed him and predicted future pastoral service for him.

Yearning for the solitary life, Saint Theodosius settled in Palestine into a desolate cave, in which, according to Tradition, the three Magi had spent the night, having come to worship the Savior after His Nativity. He lived there for thirty years in great abstinence and unceasing prayer. People flocked to the ascetic, wishing to live under his guidance.

When the cave could no longer hold all the monks, St Theodosius prayed that the Lord Himself would indicate a place for the monks to live. Taking a censer with cold charcoal and incense, the monk started walking into the desert. At a certain spot the charcoal ignited by itself and the incense smoke began to rise. Here the monk established the first cenobitic monastery, or Lavra (meaning “broad” or “populous”).

It was around this time that Theodosius’ friend and countryman Sabbas the Sanctified was appointed Archimandrite of all the isolated monks in Palestine, by Patriarch Sallustius of Jerusalem (486-493). Therefore Theodosius was made the leader of all those monks who lived in community, and this was the origin of his being called “the Cenobiarch”, which translates as chief of those living a life in common.

Monastery of St. Theodosius

Soon the Lavra of St Theodosius became renowned, and up to 700 monks gathered at it. According to the final testament of St Theodosius, the Lavra rendered service to neighbor, gave aid to the poor and provided shelter for wanderers. There was a communal table for all, communal property, communal penance, communal labor, communal patience and, not too rare, communal hunger. Theodosius was an exalted model of life to all the monks; an example in labor, prayer, fasting, watchfulness and in all Christian virtues.

St Theodosius was extremely compassionate. Once, when there was a famine in Palestine and a multitude of people gathered at the monastery, he gave orders to allow everyone into the monastery enclosure. His disciples were annoyed, knowing that the monastery did not have the means to feed all those who had come. But when they went into the bakery, they saw that through the prayers of the abba, it was filled with bread. This miracle was repeated every time St Theodosius wanted to help the destitute.

At the monastery, St Theodosius built a home for taking in strangers, separate infirmaries for monks and laymen, and also a shelter for the dying.

Seeing that people from various lands gathered at the Lavra, the saint arranged for services and hymns to be offered to God in the various languages: Greek, Georgian and Armenian. However when all were gathered to receive the Holy Mysteries in the large church, the divine services were chanted in Greek.

Opponent of Monophysitism

During the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius (491-518) there arose the heresy of Eutychius and Severus, which recognized neither the sacraments nor the clergy. The emperor accepted the false teaching, and the Orthodox began to suffer persecution. St Theodosius stood firmly in defense of Orthodoxy and wrote a letter to the emperor on behalf of the monks, in which they denounced him and refuted the heresy with the teachings of the Ecumenical Councils. He affirmed moreover, that the desert-dwellers and monks would firmly support the Orthodox teaching. The emperor showed restraint for a short while, but then he renewed his persecution of the Orthodox. The holy Elder then showed great zeal for the truth. Leaving the monastery, he came to Jerusalem and in the church, he stood at the high place and cried out for all to hear: “Whoever does not honor the four Ecumenical Councils, let him be anathema!” For this bold deed the monk was sent to prison, but soon returned after the death of the emperor.

Miracles

St Theodosius accomplished many healings and other miracles during his life. God granted him the gift of working miracles by which he was able to heal the sick, to appear from a distance, to tame wild beasts, to discern the future and to cause bread and wheat to multiply. Prayer was on his lips day and night.

Through his prayers he once destroyed the locusts devastating the fields in Palestine. Also by his intercession, soldiers were saved from death, and he also saved those perishing in shipwrecks and those lost in the desert.

Once, the saint gave orders to strike the semandron (a piece of wood hit with a mallet), so that the brethren would gather at prayer. He told them, “The wrath of God draws near the East.” After several days it became known that a strong earthquake had destroyed the city of Antioch at the very hour when the saint had summoned the brethren to prayer.

Death

Before his death, St Theodosius summoned to him three beloved bishops and revealed to them that he would soon depart to the Lord. After three days, he died peacefully at the age of 105, in 529 AD. The saint’s body was buried with reverence in his first cell, the cave in which he lived at the beginning of his ascetic deeds.

Hymns

Troparion – Tone 8
By a flood of tears you made the desert fertile,
and your longing for God brought forth fruits in abundance.
By the radiance of miracles you illumined the whole universe!
Our Father Theodosius, pray to Christ God to save our souls!

Kontakion – Tone 8
Planted in the courts of your Lord, you blossomed beautifully with virtue,
and increased your children in the desert, showering them with streams of
your tears, O chief shepherd of the divine flock of God.
Therefore, we cry to you: “Rejoice, Father Theodosius.”

Gallery

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  Monastery of Saint Theodosius the Cenobiarch, Holy Land

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  Monastery of Saint Theodosius the Cenobiarch, Holy Land

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  The burial crypt of Monastery of Saint Theodosius the Great, Holy Land

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Teodosie cel Mare (Cenobiarch) – 11 mozaicul din secolul în Mănăstirea Moni Nea (Grecia)
Venerabilul Sfântul Teodosie cel Mare, aussi Teodosie Cenobiarch a trăit în timpul cincea – sasea secolele (423 AD – 529 d.Hr.). Și fondator și organizator a fost a modului de obște monahală de viață [nota 1] Manastirea a fondat de asta în 476 AD exista devenu Cunoscut sub numele de “Mănăstirea Sf. Teodosie,” și include mormântul lui. [nota 2] Prăznuirea sa se la 11 ianuarie.

Saint Teodosie sa născut în provincia Cappadocia în orașul Mogarissus. Rudele lui Proheresius și Eulogia au fost foarte devotat.

Dotat cu o voce splendidă, a trudit cu zel la lectură biserică și cântând. St Teodosie sa rugat cu fervoare que la Domnul l-ar Ghid pe drumul spre mântuire. În primii ani a vizitat Țara Sfântă și aduce cu Sf Simeon Stâlpnicul (1 septembrie), care îl și viitorul Serviciu previzibilă pastorală Pentru el binecuvântat.

Dorinta pentru viața solitară, Sf. Teodosie–au stabilit în Palestina într-o peșteră pustie, în qui, selon la tradiție, trei magi a petrecut noaptea, după ce a ajuns să se închine Mântuitorului După Nașterea Domnului Său. El a trăit timp de treizeci de ani în mare abstinență și rugăciune neîncetată. Oamenii s-au înghesuit la ascet, dorința de a trăi sub îndrumarea Lui.

Când pestera de-a lungul nr putut ține toți călugării, Sf Teodosie sa rugat que la Domnul Însuși ar indica indicație are loc pentru călugări să trăiască. Având o cădelniță cu cărbune rece și tămâie, călugărul a început de mers pe jos în deșert. La un loc sigur cărbune aprins de la sine și fumul de tămâie a început să crească. Aici călugărul Infiintata prima obște aur mănăstire Lavra (însemnând “larg” sau “populat”).

Acesta a fost momentul în care Teodosie jurul acestui “prieten și Countryman Sava cel Sfintit a fost numit Arhimandritul a tuturor călugărilor izolate din Palestina, prin Sallustius Patriarhul Ierusalimului (486-493). Prin urmare, Teodosie a fost făcută liderul tuturor celor care au trăit în comunitate călugări, iar aceasta a fost de origine de fiul fiind alb numit expirat “Cenobiarch” qui se traduce ca șef celor care trăiesc o viață în comun.
Manastirea Sf. Teodosie de

Curând Lavra Sfântului Teodosie est devenu renumit, și până la 700 de călugări au adunat la el. Selon testamentul final al Sf Teodosie, Lavra prestate serviciile la vecin, dat ajutor la adăpost săraci și Asigurarea pentru Wanderers. Nu a fost o masă comună pentru toți, proprietate comunală, penitență comunale, Muncii comunale, răbdare comunale, și, foame comunale nu prea rare. Teodosie a fost un model de înaltă a vieții pentru toți călugării; un exemplu în Muncii, rugăciune, post, veghere și în toate virtuțile creștine.

St Teodosie a fost extrem de plin de compasiune. Odată, când a existat o foamete în Palestina și o mulțime de oameni adunați la mănăstire, a dat ordin să permită tuturor în incintă mănăstirii. Ucenicii lui au fost contrariat, Știind que la mănăstire Despre nu–avea mijloace gruparea să se hrănească pe toți cei care au venit. Scopul Când au intrat în brutăria, au vazut ca prin rugăciunile Abba, acesta a fost umplut cu pâine. A fost aceasta minune a repetat de fiecare dată Sf Teodosie a vrut să ajute nevoiași.

La mănăstire, Sf Teodosie construit o casă pentru a lua în străini, infirmerii separate, pentru călugări și laici, precum și aussi un adăpost pentru moarte.

Văzând că oamenii din diferite țări au adunat la Lavra, sfântul amenajat pentru servicii și imnuri a fi oferite lui Dumnezeu în diferite limbi: Greacă, georgiene și armene. Oricum, când toate s-au adunat recevoir Sfintele Taine în biserică mai larg, serviciile divine Au fost cântată în greacă.
Adversar de monofizitismului

În timpul domniei împăratului bizantin Anastasie (491-518) Acolo propuneri erezia lui Eutihie și Sever, qui reconnu Nici clerul, nici sacramentele. Împăratul a acceptat învățătura falsă, iar ortodocșii au început să sufere Prigoana. St Teodosie a stat sudate ferm în apărarea Ortodoxiei și a scris o scrisoare către împărat la facilitatea de numele călugărilor, în qui El și a respins-au denunțat erezia cu învățăturile Sinoadelor Ecumenice. El a afirmat în plus, que Le desert–locuitori și călugări Vreti sudate de sprijin ferm învățătura ortodoxă. Împăratul arătat reținere pentru o scurtă perioadă de timp, poartă Apoi, el reînnoită persecuție Lui a ortodocșilor. Sfântul Bătrân Atunci dat dovadă de multă râvnă pentru adevăr. Lăsând mănăstire, el cam la Ierusalim și în biserică, el sa ridicat la ridicat și a strigat pentru toți să audă: “! Cine nu cinstește pe Sinoadele Ecumenice cuptor, să fie anatema” Pentru aceasta fapta îndrăzneț călugăr leur Envoi la închisoare, pentru a întors imediat partener după moartea împăratului.
Minunile

St Teodosie Realizat Multe vindecări și miracole –Alte pandantiv viața Lui. Desigur L pe Dumnezeu darul de minuni prin qui a fost ble pentru a vindeca pe bolnavi, să apară de la o distanță, pentru a îmblânzi fiarele sălbatice, pentru a discerne viitor și în pâine și grâu pentru a se multiplica. Rugăciunea a fost în ziua Lui buzele și noapte.

Prin rugăciunile sale, el a distrus odată lăcustele devastatoare câmpurile din Palestina. De asemenea, prin mijlocirea lui au fost soldați salvat de la moarte, iar el a salvat aussi Cei care pier în epave și cele pierdute în deșert.

Odată, sfântul a dat ordin să lovească semandron (o bucată de lemn lovit cu un ciocan), astfel încât que la frații se adunau la rugăciune. El le-a spus, “Mânia lui Dumnezeu se apropie Est.” După câteva zile, exista devenu cunoscut faptul că un cutremur puternic a distrus orașul HAD Antiohia chiar ora la care Sfânt ia chemat frații la rugăciune.
moarte

Înainte de moartea sa, Sf Teodosie chemat la el trei episcopi iubiți și le-a descoperit că va abate de curând la Domnul. După trei zile, a murit liniștită la vârsta de 105, în 529 AD. Corpul sfântului îngropat cu respect a fost în prima sa celulă, peștera în Qui a trăit la începutul de fiul fapte ascetice.
Imnurile

Tropar – Tone 8
Printr-o potop de lacrimi aveti si voi deșert fertil,
și dorul pentru Dumnezeu brought roade din abundență.
Prin strălucirea miracolelor ai luminat întregul univers!
Tatăl nostru Teodosie, roagă-te lui Hristos Dumnezeu să mântuiască sufletele noastre!

Condac – Tone 8
Plantate în instanțele Domnului vostru, vă înflorit frumos cu virtute,
Creșterea și copiii voștri în deșert, dușurile cu fluxuri de ele
lacrimile tale, O, șef păstor al turmei lui Dumnezeu divin.
De aceea, noi strigăm la tine: “Bucură-te, Părinte Teodosie.”

 

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Edvard Grieg – Peer Gynt Suite, Åse’s Death | Limburgs Symfonie Orkest, Otto Tausk: great compositions/performances

Edvard Grieg – Peer Gynt Suite, Åse’s Death | Limburgs Symfonie Orkest, Otto Tausk (2/4)

Adagietto

Published on Jan 14, 2013

Edvard Grieg – Peer Gynt Suite for Orchestra N.º 1 Op. 46, excerpts:
I. Morning Mood, Morgenstemning http://youtu.be/HdF988wIgUM
II. Åse’s Death http://youtu.be/fV0qfPuPKZ4
III. Anitra’s Dance http://youtu.be/K5M247MIarw
IV. In The Hall of the Mountain King http://youtu.be/hDi8Smb4KeI
Limburgs Symfonie Orkest. Otto Tausk

Complete Playlist: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdF988…

By common consent, the music itself achieved far more for Ibsen’s vast and bewildering dramatic poem than any mere stage performance alone could have done, and therein lies a problem. For as Ibsen’s English biographer Michael Meyer writes, Grieg’s music “turns the play into a jolly Hans Andersen fairy tale,” one thing its author would certainly never have wished for. And the critic and playwright George Bernard Shaw, a fervent advocate of Ibsen’s works, similarly concluded that in his music Grieg “could only catch a few superficial points in the play instead of getting to the very heart and brain of it.”
Edvard Grieg waited better than a dozen years to draw up a concert suite from the body of incidental music to Ibsen’s Peer Gynt that he had composed in 1874 and 1875; but this Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, Op. 46 (1888) was such a great success that everybody involved clamored for more and a second suite followed just a few years later (Op. 55, in 1891 – 1892). While the Peer Gynt Suite No. 2 failed to reach the commercial and popular heights that the first reached, some argue that the music in it is actually superior to that in its predecessor. Ibsen’s play puts a new and, to some, disturbing spin on the classic hero-drama. Peer Gynt himself is a rough-and-tumble Norwegian peasant; he dreams of power and glory but is very nearly a common rogue — a real anti-hero. Ibsen tells us of his colorful adventures and not altogether wholesome or moral adventures over the course of five acts.

The first Peer Gynt Suite opens with the famous “Morning Mood”, originally played at the beginning of the fourth act. A lovely E major melody is announced by the flutes and then taken through a sparkling palette of gentle inflections; bright flute trills chime in as “Morning Mood” comes to a gentle close. “Äse’s Death” (Op. 46, No. 2) is number 11 in the original score, and originally served as the prelude to the third act. Peer Gynt has returned home to his mother Äse, only to find her dying. No. 3, “Anitra’s Dance” is originally the 16th number of incidental music. “In the Hall of the Mountain King” (Op. 46, No. 4), written to accompany the gnomes’ taunting and chasing of Peer Gynt after he has refused to marry the Mountain King’s daughter, is perhaps the most famous of the Peer Gynt pieces. The whirlwind-like music is built from a small thematic fragment that grows wilder and wilder until Peer Gynt — and the poor orchestra — can take no more.
“Ingrid’s Lament” No. 1 of the second suite, originally accompanied Peer Gynt’s abduction of the maiden Ingrid on her wedding day. There is real drama in this four-minute work; it surges and pulses, starts and stops, sobs and then shrieks — and is utterly unlike the pastoral mood-paintings that have made the first suite so famous. Grieg follows it with a lively “Arabian Dance” (Op. 55, No. 2), colorfully employing tambourine and piccolo. At the end of Ibsen’s tale, Peer Gynt makes his way back to Norway and finally arrives on the shores of his homeland as his ship is demolished by a violent storm. No. 3, “Peer Gynt’s Homecoming” is a powerful rendering of this chaotic scene. The piece makes its way, quietly, directly into the next and final number, an orchestral arrangement of the song sung by Solvejg, Peer Gynt’s patient and devoted wife, when he finally returns to her and dies (Op. 55, No. 4).

Peer Gynt Suite – The Death of Åse, Åse’s Death, Åses Død.

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Tunnel (according to Farlex) not to be mistaken for other definitions)

Noun	1.	tunnel – a passageway through or under something, usually underground (especially one for trains or cars); “the tunnel reduced congestion at that intersection” auto, automobile, car, motorcar, machine – a motor vehicle with four wheels; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; “he needs a car to get to work”   catacomb – an underground tunnel with recesses where bodies were buried (as in ancient Rome)   passageway – a passage between rooms or between buildings   railroad tunnel – a tunnel through which the railroad track runs   shaft – a long vertical passage sunk into the earth, as for a mine or tunnel   underpass, subway – an underground tunnel or passage enabling pedestrians to cross a road or railway
	2.	tunnel – a hole made by an animal, usually for shelter burrow hollow, hole – a depression hollowed out of solid matter   rabbit warren, warren – a series of connected underground tunnels occupied by rabbits
Verb	1.	tunnel – move through by or as by digging; “burrow through the forest” burrow cut into, delve, dig, turn over – turn up, loosen, or remove earth; “Dig we must”; “turn over the soil for aeration”
	2.	tunnel – force a way through                   penetrate, perforate – pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance; “The bullet penetrated her chest”

Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

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