This Day in History: Concordat of Worms (1122)

This Day in History:
Concordat of Worms (1122)

The Concordat of Worms was an agreement reached by Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V that put an end to the first phase of the power struggle between Rome and what was becoming the Holy Roman Empire. Under its terms, the king was recognized as having the right to invest bishops “by the lance” but not “by ring and staff,” meaning he could grant them secular but not sacred authority. What message about the divine right of kings did the concordat convey? More…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

 

 

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
May 20

325		The Ecumenical council is inaugurated by Emperor Constantine in Nicea.
1303		A peace treaty is signed between England and France.
1347		Cola di Rienzo takes the title of tribune in Rome.
1520		Hernando Cortes defeats Spanish troops sent against him in Mexico.
1690		England passes the Act of Grace, forgiving followers of James II.
1674		John Sobieski becomes Poland’s first king.
1774		Parliament passes the Coercive Acts to punish the colonists for their increasingly anti-British behavior. The acts close the port of Boston.
1775		North Carolina becomes the first colony to declare its independence.
1784		The Peace of Versailles ends a war between France, England, and Holland.
1799		Napoleon Bonaparte orders a withdrawal from his siege of St. Jean d’Acre in Egypt.
1859		A force of Austrians collide with Piedmontese cavalry at the village of Montebello, in northern Italy.
1861		North Carolina becomes the last state to secede from the Union.
1862		President Lincoln signs the Homestead Act, providing 250 million acres of free land to settlers in the West.
1874		Levi Strauss begins marketing blue jeans with copper rivets.
1902		The U.S. military occupation of Cuba ends.
1927		Charles Lindbergh takes off from New York for Paris.
1930		The first airplane is catapulted from a dirigible.
1932		Amelia Earhart lands near Londonderry, Ireland, to become the first woman fly solo across the Atlantic.
1939		Pan American Airways starts the first regular passenger service across the Atlantic.
1941		Germany invades Crete by air.
1942		Japan completes the conquest of Burma.
1951		During the Korean War, U.S. Air Force Captain James Jabara becomes the first jet air ace in history.
1961		A white mob attacks civil rights activists in Montgomery, Alabama.
1969		In South Vietnam, troops of the 101st Airborne Division reach the top of Hill 937 after nine days of fighting entrenched North Vietnamese forces.
1970		100,000 people march in New York, supporting U.S. policies in Vietnam.
Born on May 20
1663		William Bradford, printer.
1750		Stephen Girard, American financier and philanthropist.
1768		Dolley Madison, first lady of President James Madison.
1799		Honore de Balzac, French novelist (The Human Comedy, Lost Illusions).
1806		John Stuart Mill, British philospher and economist.
1818		William George Fargo, one of the founders of Wells, Fargo & Co.
1882		Sigrid Undset, Norwegian novelist (Kristin Lavransdatter).
1908		Jimmy Stewart, actor (It’s a Wonderful Life, Mr Smith Goes to Washington).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

SOMEWHERE IN TIME

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
May 8

1450		Jack Cade’s Rebellion–Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI.
1541		Hernando de Soto discovers the Mississippi River which he calls Rio de Espiritu Santo.
1559		An act of supremacy defines Queen Elizabeth I as the supreme governor of the church of England.
1794		The United States Post Office is established.
1846		The first major battle of the Mexican War is fought at Palo Alto, Texas.
1862		General ‘Stonewall’ Jackson repulses the Federals at the Battle of McDowell, in the Shenendoah Valley.
1864		Union troops arrive at Spotsylvania Court House to find the Confederates waiting for them.
1886		Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton invents Coca Cola.
1895		China cedes Taiwan to Japan under Treaty of Shimonoseki.
1904		U.S. Marines land in Tangier, North Africa, to protect the Belgian legation.
1919		The first transatlantic flight by a navy seaplane takes-off.
1933		Hahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike to protest British oppression in India.
1940		German commandos in Dutch uniforms cross the Dutch border to hold bridges for the advancing German army.
1942		The Battle of the Coral Sea between the Japanese Navy and the U.S. Navy ends.
1945		The final surrender of German forces is celebrated as VE (Victory Europe) day.
1952		Allied fighter-bombers stage the largest raid of the war on North Korea.
1958		President Eisenhower orders the National Guard out of Little Rock as Ernest Green becomes the first black to graduate from an Arkansas public school.
1967		Boxer Muhammad Ali is indicted for refusing induction in U.S. Army.
1984		The Soviet Union announces it will not participate in Summer Olympics planned for Los Angeles.
1995		Jacques Chirac is elected president of France.
Born on May 8
1668		Alain Rene Lesage, French writer (The Adventures of Gil Blas, Turcaret).
1753		Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican nationalist.
1828		Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss philanthropist, founder of the Red Cross and YMCA, first recipient (jointly) of the Nobel Peace Prize.
1829		Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American pianist.
1884		Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953).
1895		Edmund Wilson, American critic and essayist.
1906		Roberto Rossellini, Italian film director.
1910		Mary Lou Williams, jazz pianist and composer.
1920		Sloan Wilson, American author (The man in the Gray Flannel Suit, A Summer Place).
1928		Theodore Sorenson, advisor to John F. Kennedy.
1930		Gary Snyder, beat poet.
1937		Thomas Pynchon, novelist (Gravity’s Rainbow).
1940		Peter Benchley, novelist (Jaws, The Deep).
1952		Beth Henley, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright (Crimes of the Heart).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

 

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 24

858		St. Nicholas I begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
1519		Envoys of Montezuma II attend the first Easter mass in Central America.
1547		Charles V’s troops defeat the Protestant League of Schmalkalden at the battle of Muhlburg.
1558		Mary, Queen of Scotland, marries the French dauphin, Francis.
1792		Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle composes “La Marseilles”. It will become France’s national anthem.
1800		The Library of Congress is established in Washington, D.C. with a $5,000 allocation.
1805		U.S. Marines attack and capture the town of Derna in Tripoli from the Barbary pirates.
1833		A patent is granted for first soda fountain.
1877		Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1884		Otto von Bismarck cables Cape Town, South Africa that it is now a German colony.
1898		Spain declares war on United States, rejecting an ultimatum to withdraw from Cuba.
1915		Turks of the Ottoman Empire begin massacring the Armenian minority in their country.
1916		Irish nationalists launch the Easter Uprising against British occupation.
1944		The first B-29 arrives in China, over the Hump of the Himalayas.
1948		The Berlin airlift begins to relieve surrounded city.
1953		Winston Churchill is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
1961		President John Kennedy accepts “sole responsibility” for the failed invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.
1968		Leftist students take over Columbia University in protest over the Vietnam War.
1980		A rescue attempt of the U.S. hostages held in Iran fails when a plane collides with a helicopter in the Iranian desert.
1981		The IBM Personal Computer is introduced.
1989		Thousands of Chinese students strike in Beijing for more democratic reforms.
Born on April 24
1620		John Graunt, statistician, founder of demography.
1743		Edmund Cartwright, English parson who invented the power loom.
1766		Robert Bailey Thomas, founder of the Farmer’s Almanac.
1769		Arthur Wellesley, general during the Napoleonic Wars, Duke of Wellington.
1815		Anthony Trollope, British novelist.
1856		Henri Philippe Pétain, French Marshall, WWI hero, Nazi collaborator.
1900		Elizabeth Goudge, English author.
1904		Willem de Kooning, abstract impressionist painter.
1905		Robert Penn Warren, novelist, America’s first poet laureate.
1906		William Joyce, ‘Lord Haw-Haw,’ British traitor, Nazi propagandist.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 14

1471		The Earl of Warwick, who fought on both sides in the War of the Roses, is killed at the Battle of Barnet with the defeat of the Lancastrians.
1543		Bartoleme Ferrelo returns to Spain after discovering a large bay in the New World (San Francisco).
1775		The first abolitionist society in United States is organized in Philadelphia.
1793		A royalist rebellion in Santo Domingo is crushed by French republican troops.
1828		The first edition of Noah Webster’s dictionary is published.
1860		The first Pony Express rider arrives in San Francisco with mail originating in St. Joseph, Missouri.
1865		President Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth.
1894		Thomas Edison’s kinetoscope is shown to the public for the first time.
1900		The World Exposition opens in Paris.
1912		The passenger liner Titanic–deemed unsinkable–strikes an iceberg on her maiden voyage and begins to sink. The ship will go under the next day with a loss of 1,500 lives.
1931		King Alfonso XIII of Spain is overthrown.
1945		American B-29 bombers’s damage the Imperial Palace during firebombing raid over Tokyo.
1953		The Viet Minh invade Laos with 40,00 troops in their war against French colonial forces.
1959		The Taft Memorial Bell Tower is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
1961		The first live broadcast is televised from the Soviet Union.
1969		The first major league baseball game is played in Montreal, Canada.
1981		America’s first space shuttle, Columbia, returns to Earth.
Born on April 14
1578		Philip III, king of Spain and Portugal (1598-1621).
1629		Christian Huygens, Dutch astronomer.
1866		Anne Mansfield Sullivan, teacher who educated Helen Keller.
1889		Arnold Toynbee, English historian.
1898		Harold Black, electrical engineer.
1904		Sir John Gielgud, British actor.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

Today In History. What Happened

SOMEWHERE IN TIME

This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 10

1790		The U.S. patent system is established.
1809		Austria declares war on France and her forces enter Bavaria.
1862		Union forces begin the bombardment of Fort Pulaski in Georgia along the Tybee River.
1865		At Appomattox Court, Va, General Robert E. Lee issues his last orders to the Army of Northern Virginia.
1866		The American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is formed.
1902		South African Boers accept British terms of surrender.
1912		The Titanic begins her maiden voyage which will end in disaster.
1925		F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby.
1930		The first synthetic rubber is produced.
1932		Paul von Hindenburg is elected president in Germany.
1938		Germany annexes Austria.
1941		U.S. troops occupy Greenland to prevent Nazi infiltration.
1945		In their second attempt to take the Seelow Heights, near Berlin, the Red Army launches numerous attacks against the defending Germans. The Soviets gain one mile at the cost of 3,000 men killed and 368 tanks destroyed.
1945		Allied troops liberate the Nazi concentration camp of Buchenwald north of Weiner, Germany.
1947		Jackie Robinson becomes the first black to play major league baseball as he takes the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
1971		The American table tennis team arrives in China.
1974		Yitzhak Rabin replaces resigning Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir.
1981		Imprisoned Irish Republican Army hunger striker Bobby Sands is elected to the British Parliament.
Born on April 10
1583		Hugo Grotius, Dutch statesman and scholar.
1794		Matthew C. Perry, American naval officer, opened Japan to trade with the west.
1827		Lew Wallace, Civil War general, lawyer, diplomat and author of Ben Hur.
1867		A.E. (George William Russell), Irish poet and mystic.
1880		Frances Perkins, U.S. labor secretary, first female cabinet member.
1903		Clare Boothe Luce, reporter, U.S. ambassador to the Vatican.
1917		Robert B. Woodward, synthetic chemist.
1934		David Halberstam, New York Times correspondent, author, Pulitzer Prize winner in 1964.
1932		Omar Sharif (Michael Shalhoub), actor (Dr. Zhivago).
1941		Paul Theroux, author (The Great Railway Bazaar).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 4

527		In Constantinople, Justin, seriously ill, crowns his nephew Justinian as his co-emperor.
1581		Francis Drake completes circumnavigation of the world.
1812		The territory of Orleans becomes the 18th state and will become known as Louisiana.
1818		The United States flag is declared to have 13 red and white stripes and 20 stars.
1841		President William Henry Harrison, aged 68, becomes the first president to die in office, just a month after being sworn in.
1862		The Battle of Yorktown begins as Union gen. George B. McClellan closes in on Richmond, Va.
1917		The U.S. Senate votes 90-6 to enter World War I on Allied side.
1918		The Battle of the Somme ends.
1941		Field Marshal Erwin Rommel captures the British held town of Benghazi in North Africa.
1949		The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty is signed.
1968		Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.
1974		Hank Aaron ties Babe Ruth’s home-run record.
1979		Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the president of Pakistan is executed.
1985		A coup in Sudan ousts President Nimeiry and replaces him with General Dahab.
Born on April 4
1780		Edward Hicks, Quaker preacher and painter (The Peaceable Kingdom).
1792		Thaddeus Stevens, U.S. Republican congressional leader.
1802		Dorothea Dix, American social reformer.
1821		Linus Yale, inventor of the Yale lock.
1884		Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese naval commander during WWII.
1896		Arthur Murray, ballroom dance instructor.
1896		Robert Sherwood, playwright.
1914		Marguerite Duras, French author (The Lover).
1915		Muddy Waters, American blues musician.
1928		Maya Angelou, American poet and author.
1932		Anthony Perkins, actor (Psycho).
1938		Bart Giamatti, baseball commisioner, president of Yale.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History: April 3, 2015

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 3

628		In Persia, Kavadh sues for peace with the Byzantines.
1367		John of Gaunt and Edward the Black Prince win the Battle of Najara, in Spain.
1559		Philip II of Spain and Henry II of France sign the peace of Cateau-Cambresis, ending a long series of wars between the Hapsburg and Valois dynasties.
1860		The Pony Express connects St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California.
1862		Slavery is abolished in Washington, D.C.
1865		Union forces occupy the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
1882		The American outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed by his cousin, Bob Ford.
1910		Alaska’s Mount McKinley, the highest mountain in North America is climbed.
1920		F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre are married at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City.
1936		Bruno Hauptmann, killer of the Lindbergh baby, is executed.
1942		The Japanese begin their all-out assault on the U.S. and Filipino troops at Bataan.
1944		The U.S. Supreme Court rules that black citizens are eligible to vote in all elections, including primaries.
1948		President Harry Truman signs Marshall Plan, it will revive war-torn Europe.
1966		Three-thousand South Vietnamese Army troops lead a protest against the Ky regime in Saigon.
1972		Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States after a twenty-year absence.
1984		Coach John Thompson of Georgetown University becomes the first African-American coach to win an NCAA basketball tournament.
Born on April 3
1783		Washington Irving, American writer (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle).
1822		Edward Everett Hale, American clergyman and author (Man without a Country).
1823		William Macy “Boss” Tweed, New York City political boss.
1837		John Burroughs, nature writer.
1842		Hermann Karl Vogel, German astonomer.
1888		Gertrude Bridget “Ma” Rainey, American singer, “the mother of the blues.”
1898		Henry R. Luce, magazine publisher, founder of Time, Fortune and Life.
1924		Marlon Brando, actor (On the Waterfront, The Godfather).
1924		Doris Von Kappelhoff [Doris Day], American singer and actress.
1930		Helmut Kohl, chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 2

1792		The United States authorizes the minting of the $10 Eagle, $5 half-Eagle & 2.50 quarter-Eagle gold coins as well as the silver dollar, dollar, quarter, dime & half-dime.
1796		Haitian revolt leader Toussaint L’Ouverture takes command of French forces at Santo Domingo.
1801		The British navy defeats the Danish at the Battle of Copenhagen.
1865		Confederate President Jefferson Davis flees Richmond, Virginia as Grant breaks Lee’s line at Petersburg.
1910		Karl Harris perfects the process for the artificial synthesis of rubber.
1914		The U.S. Federal Reserve Board announces plans to divide the country into 12 districts.
1917		President Woodrow Wilson presents a declaration of war against Germany to Congress.
1917		Jeannette Pickering Rankin is sworn in as the first woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.
1931		Virne “Jackie” Mitchell becomes the first woman to play for an all-male pro baseball team. In an exhibition game against the New York Yankees, she strikes out both Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig.
1932		Charles Lindbergh pays over $50,000 ransom for his kidnapped son.
1944		Soviet forces enter Romania, one of Germany’s allied countries.
1958		The National Advisory Council on Aeronautics is renamed NASA.
1963		Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King begins the first non-violent campaign in Birmingham, Alabama.
1982		Argentina invades the British-owned Falkland Islands.
Born on April 2
742		Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor.
1725		Giovanni Casanova, Italian adventurer.
1805		Hans Christian Andersen, Danish author of fairy tales.
1834		Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, sculptor.
1840		Emile Zola, French novelist and activist.
1875		Walter P. Chrysler, founder of Chrysler Automobile Company.
1891		Max Ernst, German painter, sculptor and founder of surrealism.
1905		Kurt Adler, American conductor.
1905		Serge Lifar, dancer and opera director.
1914		Alec Guinness, British actor.
1948		Emmylou Harris, American singer.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 28

1774		Britain passes the Coercive Act against rebellious Massachusetts.
1854		Britain and France declare war on Russia.
1864		A group of Copperheads attack Federal soldiers in Charleston, Illinois. Five are killed and twenty wounded.
1885		The Salvation Army is officially organized in the United States.
1908		Automobile owners lobby Congress in support of a bill that calls for vehicle licensing and federal registration.
1910		The first seaplane takes off from water at Martinques, France.
1917		The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is founded, Great Britain’s first official service women.
1921		President Warren Harding names William Howard Taft as chief justice of the United States.
1930		Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara respectively.
1933		Nazis order a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools.
1939		The Spanish Civil War ends as Madrid falls to Francisco Franco.
1941		The Italian fleet is routed by the British at the Battle of Battle of Cape Matapan
1941		English novelist Virginia Woolf throws herself into the River Ouse near her home in Sussex. Her body is never found.
1942		A British ship, the HMS Capbeltown, a Lend-Lease American destroyer, which was specifically rammed into a German occupied dry-dock in France, explodes, knocking the area out of action for the German battleship Tirpitz.
1945		Germany launches the last of its V-2 rockets against England.
1946		Juan Peron is elected President of Argentina. He will hold the office for six years.
1962		The U.S. Air Force announces research into the use of lasers to intercept missiles and satellites.
1969		Dwight D. Eisenhower dies at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, D.C.
1979		A major accident occurs at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island nuclear power plant
1986		The U.S. Senate passes $100 million aid package for the Nicaraguan contras.
1990		Jesse Owens receives the Congressional Gold Medal from President George Bush.
1999		An American Stealth F117 Nighthawk is shot down over northern Yugoslavia during NATO air strikes.
Born on March 28
1652		Samuel Sewall, British colonial merchant and one of the Salem witch trial judges.
1818		Wade Hampton, Confederate general in the American Civil War.
1862		Aristide Briand, premier of France (1909-22).
1868		Maxim Gorky, Russian short story writer and novelist.
1895		James McCudden, the first RAF pilot to receive the Victoria Cross.
1909		Nelson Algren, novelist (The Man with the Golden Arm, A Walk on the Wild Side).
1929		Frederick Exley, American novelist (A Fan’s Notes).
1930		Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, helped confirm the existence of quarks.
1936		Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist (Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, Death in the Andes).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 28

1774		Britain passes the Coercive Act against rebellious Massachusetts.
1854		Britain and France declare war on Russia.
1864		A group of Copperheads attack Federal soldiers in Charleston, Illinois. Five are killed and twenty wounded.
1885		The Salvation Army is officially organized in the United States.
1908		Automobile owners lobby Congress in support of a bill that calls for vehicle licensing and federal registration.
1910		The first seaplane takes off from water at Martinques, France.
1917		The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is founded, Great Britain’s first official service women.
1921		President Warren Harding names William Howard Taft as chief justice of the United States.
1930		Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara respectively.
1933		Nazis order a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools.
1939		The Spanish Civil War ends as Madrid falls to Francisco Franco.
1941		The Italian fleet is routed by the British at the Battle of Battle of Cape Matapan
1941		English novelist Virginia Woolf throws herself into the River Ouse near her home in Sussex. Her body is never found.
1942		A British ship, the HMS Capbeltown, a Lend-Lease American destroyer, which was specifically rammed into a German occupied dry-dock in France, explodes, knocking the area out of action for the German battleship Tirpitz.
1945		Germany launches the last of its V-2 rockets against England.
1946		Juan Peron is elected President of Argentina. He will hold the office for six years.
1962		The U.S. Air Force announces research into the use of lasers to intercept missiles and satellites.
1969		Dwight D. Eisenhower dies at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, D.C.
1979		A major accident occurs at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island nuclear power plant
1986		The U.S. Senate passes $100 million aid package for the Nicaraguan contras.
1990		Jesse Owens receives the Congressional Gold Medal from President George Bush.
1999		An American Stealth F117 Nighthawk is shot down over northern Yugoslavia during NATO air strikes.
Born on March 28
1652		Samuel Sewall, British colonial merchant and one of the Salem witch trial judges.
1818		Wade Hampton, Confederate general in the American Civil War.
1862		Aristide Briand, premier of France (1909-22).
1868		Maxim Gorky, Russian short story writer and novelist.
1895		James McCudden, the first RAF pilot to receive the Victoria Cross.
1909		Nelson Algren, novelist (The Man with the Golden Arm, A Walk on the Wild Side).
1929		Frederick Exley, American novelist (A Fan’s Notes).
1930		Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, helped confirm the existence of quarks.
1936		Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist (Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, Death in the Andes).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 25

708		Constantine begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
1634		Lord Baltimore founds the Catholic colony of Maryland.
1655		Puritans jail Governor Stone after a military victory over Catholic forces in the colony of Maryland.
1668		The first horse race in America takes place.
1776		The Continental Congress authorizes a medal for General George Washington.
1807		British Parliament abolishes the slave trade.
1813		The frigate USS Essex flies the first U.S. flag in battle in the Pacific.
1865		Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman, during the siege of Petersburg, Va.
1879		Japan invades the kingdom of Liuqiu (Ryukyu) Islands, formerly a vassal of China.
1905		Rebel battle flags that were captured during the American Civil War are returned to the South.
1911		A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, a sweatshop in New York City, claims the lives of 146 workers.
1915		The first submarine disaster occurs when a U.S. F-4 sinks off the Hawaiian coast.
1919		The Paris Peace Commission adopts a plan to protect nations from the influx of foreign labor.
1931		Fifty people are killed in riots that break out in India. Mahatma Gandhi was one of many people assaulted.
1940		The United States agrees to give Britain and France access to all American warplanes.
1941		Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers.
1953		The USS Missouri fires on targets at Kojo, North Korea, the last time her guns fire until the Persian Gulf War of 1992.
1954		RCA manufactures its first color TV set and begins mass production.
1957		The European Common Market Treaty is signed in Rome. The goal is to create a common market for all products–especially coal and steel.
1965		Martin Luther King Jr. leads a group of 25,000 to the state capital in Montgomery, Ala.
1969		John Lennon and Yoko Ono stage a bed-in for peace in Amsterdam.
1970		The Concorde makes its first supersonic flight.
1975		Hue is lost and Da Nang is endangered by North Vietnamese forces. The United States orders a refugee airlift to remove those in danger.
1981		The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador is damaged when gunmen attack, firing rocket propelled grenades and machine guns.
1986		President Ronald Reagan orders emergency aid for the Honduran army. U.S. helicopters take Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan border.
Born on March 25
1133		Henry II, King of England (1154-1189).
1767		Joachim Murat, Napoleon’s brother in law who became king of Naples in 1808.
1797		John Winebrenner, U.S. clergyman who founded the Church of God.
1839		William Bell Wait, educator of the blind.
1867		Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of Mount Rushmore.
1868		Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor.
1906		Alan John Percivale Taylor, English historian.
1908		David Lean, British film director (Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia).
1925		(Mary) Flannery O’Connor, novelist and short story writer.
1934		Gloria Steinem, political activist, editor.
1942		Aretha Franklin, American singer, the “Queen of Soul.”

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Today in History
March 23

1657		France and England form an alliance against Spain.
1743		Handel’s Messiah is performed for the first time in London.
1775		American revolutionary hero Patrick Henry, while addressing the House of Burgesses, declares “give me liberty, or give me death!”
1791		Etta Palm, a Dutch champion of woman’s rights, sets up a group of women’s clubs called the Confederation of the Friends of Truth.
1848		Hungary proclaims its independence of Austria.
1857		Elisha Otis installs the first modern passenger elevator in a public building, at the corner of Broome Street and Broadway in New York City.
1858		Eleazer A. Gardner of Philadelphia patents the cable street car, which runs on overhead cables.
1862		Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson faces his only defeat at the Battle of Kernstown, Va
1880		John Stevens of Neenah, Wis., patents the grain crushing mill. This mill allows flour production to increase by 70 percent.
1901		A group of U.S. Army soldier led by Brig. Gen. Frederick Funston capture Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Philippine Insurrection of 1899.
1903		The Wright brothers obtain an airplane patent.
1909		British Lt. Ernest Shackleton finds the magnetic South Pole.
1909		Theodore Roosevelt begins an African safari sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
1917		Austrian Emperor Charles I makes a peace proposal to French President Poincare.
1920		Great Britain denounces the United States because of its delay in joining the League of Nations.
1921		Arthur G. Hamilton sets a new parachute record, safely jumping 24,400 feet.
1927		Captain Hawthorne Gray sets a new balloon record soaring to 28,510 feet.
1933		The Reichstag gives Adolf Hitler the power to rule by decree.
1942		The Japanese occupy the Anadaman Islands in the Indian Ocean.
1951		U.S. paratroopers descend from flying boxcars in a surprise attack in Korea.
1956		Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic, although it is still within the British Commonwealth.
1967		Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. calls the Vietnam War the biggest obstacle to the civil rights movement.
1970		Mafia boss Carlo Gambino is arrested for plotting to steal $3 million.
1972		The United States calls a halt to the peace talks on Vietnam being held in Paris.
1981		U.S. Supreme Court upholds a law making statutory rape a crime for men but not women.
Born on March 23
1900		Erich Fromm, German psychologist (The Sane Society).
1907		Daniele Bovet, Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist.
1908		Joan Crawford, American actress.
1910		Akira Kurosawa, film director (Rashomon, The Seven Samurai).
1912		Werner von Braun, German-born rocket pioneer.
1929		Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to run the mile in less than four minutes.

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Today in History
March 21

630		Heraclius restores the True Cross, which he has recaptured from the Persians.
1556		Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, is burned at the stake at Oxford after retracting the last of seven recantations that same day.
1617		Pocahontas (Rebecca Rolfe) dies of either small pox or pneumonia while in England with her husband, John Rolfe.
1788		Almost the entire city of New Orleans, Louisiana, is destroyed by fire.
1806		Lewis and Clark begin their trip home after an 8,000 mile trek of the Mississippi basin and the Pacific Coast.
1865		The Battle of Bentonville, N.C. ends, marking the last Confederate attempt to stop Union General William Sherman.
1851		Emperor Tu Duc orders that Christian priests are to put to death.
1858		British forces in India lift the siege of Lucknow, ending the Indian Mutiny.
1906		Ohio passes a law that prohibits hazing by fraternities.
1908		Frenchman Henri Farman carries a passenger in a bi-plane for the first time.
1910		The U.S. Senate grants ex-President Teddy Roosevelt an annual pension of $10,000.
1918		The Germans launch the ‘Michael’ offensive, better remembered as the First Battle of the Somme.
1928		President Calvin Coolidge presents the Congressional Medal of Honor to Charles Lindbergh, a captain in the US Army Air Corps Reserve, for making the first solo trans-Atlantic flight. On June 11, 1927, Lindbergh had received the first Distinguished Flying Cross ever awarded.
1939		Singer Kate Smith records “God Bless America” for Victor Records.
1941		The last Italian post in East Libya, North Africa, falls to the British.
1951		Secretary of Defense George C. Marshall reports that the U.S. military has doubled to 2.9 million since the start of the Korean War.
1963		Alcatraz Island, the federal penitentiary in San Francisco Bay, California, closes.
1965		The United States launches Ranger 9, last in a series of unmanned lunar explorations.
1971		Two U.S. platoons in Vietnam refuse their orders to advance.
1975		As North Vietnamese forces advance, Hue and other northern towns in South Vietnam are evacuated.
1980		President Jimmy Carter announces to the U.S. Olympic Team that they will not participate in the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow as a boycott against Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.
1984		A Soviet submarine crashes into the USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Japan.
Born on March 21
1685		Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer.
1806		Benito Juarez, President of Mexico.
1869		Albert Kahn, architect who originated modern factory design.
1869		Florenz Ziegfeld, producer, creator of Ziegfeld Follies.
1885		Raoul Lufbery, French-born American fighter pilot of World War I.

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Today in History
March 20

1413		Henry IV of England is succeed by his son Henry V.
1739		In India, Nadir Shah of Persia occupies Delhi and takes possession of the Peacock throne.
1760		The Great Fire of Boston destroys 349 buildings.
1792		In Paris, the Legislative Assembly approves the use of the guillotine.
1815		Napoleon Bonaparte enters Paris and begins his 100-day rule.
1841		Edgar Allen Poe’s The Murders in the Rue Morgue, considered the first detective story, is published.
1852		Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published.
1906		Army officers in Russia mutiny at Sevastopol.
1915		The French call off the Champagne offensive on the Western Front.
1918		The Bolsheviks of the Soviet Union ask for American aid to rebuild their army.
1922		President Warren G. Harding orders U.S. troops back from the Rhineland.
1932		The German dirigible, Graf Zepplin, makes the first flight to South America on regular schedule.
1939		President Franklin D. Roosevelt names William O. Douglas to the Supreme Court.
1940		The British Royal Air Force conducts an all-night air raid on the Nazi airbase at Sylt, Germany.
1943		The Allies attack Field Marshall Erwin Rommel’s forces on the Mareth Line in North Africa.
1965		President Lyndon B. Johnson orders 4,000 troops to protect the Selma-Montgomery civil rights marchers.
1969		Senator Edward Kennedy calls on the United States to close all bases in Taiwan.
1976		Patty Hearst is convicted of armed robbery.
1982		U.S. scientists return from Antarctica with the first land mammal fossils found there.
1987		The United State approves AZT, a drug that is proven to slow the progress of AIDS.
Born on March 20
43BC		Ovid, Roman poet.
1811		Napoleon II, son of Napoleon Bonaparte, Duke of Reichstadt.
1828		Henrik Isben, Norwegian dramatist (Peer Gynt, Hedda Gabler).
1904		B.F. Skinner, American psychologist.
1917		Dame Vera Lynn , British singer.
1922		Raymond Walter Goulding, Radio comedian of Bob and Ray fame.
1925		John Ehrlichman, White House advisor to President Nixon.
1928		Fred Rogers, television performer (Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood).
1957		Shelton ‘Spike’ Lee, film director (Do the Right Thing, Malcolm X).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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Today in History
March 19

1687		The French explorer La Salle is murdered in by his own men while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi, along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
1702		On the death of William III of Orange, Anne Stuart, sister of Mary, succeeds to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
1822		Boston is incorporated as a city.
1879		Jim Currie opens fire on the actors Maurice Barrymore and Ben Porter near Marshall, Texas. His shots wound Barrymore and kill Porter.
1903		The U.S. Senate ratifies the Cuban treaty, gaining naval bases in Guantanamo and Bahia Honda.
1916		The First Aero Squadron takes off from Columbus, NM to join Gen. John J. Pershing and his Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa in Mexico.
1917		The Adamson Act, eight hour day for railroad workers, is ruled constitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
1918		Congress authorizes Daylight Savings Time.
1920		The U.S. Senate rejects the Versailles Treaty for the second time.
1924		U.S. troops are rushed to Tegucigalpa as rebel forces take the Honduran capital.
1931		The state of Nevada legalizes gambling.
1935		The British fire on 20,000 Muslims in India, killing 23.
1936		The Soviet Union signs a pact of assistance with Mongolia against Japan.
1944		The German 352nd Infantry Division deploys along the coast of France.
1945		Adolf Hitler orders a scorched-earth policy for his retreating German armies in the west and east.
1947		Chiang Kai-Shek’s government forces take control of Yenan, the former headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party.
1949		The Soviet People’s Council signs the constitution of the German Democratic Republic, and declares that the North Atlantic Treaty is merely a war weapon.
1963		In Costa Rica, President John F. Kennedy and six Latin American presidents pledge to fight Communism.
1977		Congo President Marien Ngouabi is killed by a suicide commando.
1981		One technician is killed and two others are injured during a routine test on space shuttle Columbia.
Born on March 19
1589		William Bradford, governor of Plymouth colony for 30 years.
1721		Tobias George Smollett, satirical author and physician (Roderick Random, Humphrey Clinker).
1813		David Livingston, explorer found by Arthur Stanley in Africa.
1821		Sir Richard Burton, English explorer.
1848		Wyatt Earp, U.S. marshal.
1849		Alfred von Tirpitz, Prussian admiral who commanded the German fleet in early World War I.
1860		William Jennings Bryan, orator, statesman, known as “The Great Communicator.”
1889		Sarah Gertrude Millina, South African writer (The Dark River, God’s Stepchildren).
1891		Earl Warren, governor of California, later 14th Supreme Court Chief Justice.
1904		John J. Sirica, U.S. Federal Judge who ruled on Watergate issues.
1906		Adolf Eichman, Nazi Gestapo officer.
1912		Adolf Galland, German Luftwaffe pilot.
1925		Brent Scrowcroft, Lt. Gen. (USAF), National Security Advisor to President George H.W. Bush.
1933		Phillip Roth, American novelist and short-story writer (Portnoy’s Complaint).

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Today in History
March 18

37		The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius’ will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
1692		William Penn is deprived of his governing powers.
1863		Confederate women riot in Salisbury, N.C. to protest the lack of flour and salt in the South.
1865		The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
1874		Hawaii signs a treaty giving exclusive trading rights with the islands to the United States.
1881		Barnum and Bailey’s Greatest Show on Earth opens in Madison Square Gardens.
1911		Theodore Roosevelt opens the Roosevelt Dam in Phoenix, Ariz., the largest dam in the United States to date.
1913		Greek King George I is killed by an assassin. Constantine I is to succeed.
1916		On the Eastern Front, the Russians counter the Verdun assault with an attack at Lake Naroch. The Russians lose 100,000 men and the Germans lose 20,000.
1917		The Germans sink the U.S. ships, City of Memphis, Vigilante and the Illinois, without any type of warning.
1922		Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience in India.
1939		Georgia finally ratifies the Bill of Rights, 150 years after the birth of the federal government. Connecticut and Massachusetts, the only other states to hold out, also ratify the Bill of Rights in this year.
1942		The third military draft begins in the United States.
1943		Adolf Hitler calls off the offensive in the Caucasus.
1943		American forces take Gafsa in Tunisia.
1944		The Russians reach the Rumanian border.
1950		Nationalist troops land on the mainland of China and capture Communist-held Sungmen.
1953		The Braves baseball team announces that they are moving from Boston to Milwaukee.
1965		Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the first man to spacewalk when he exits his Voskhod 2 space capsule while in orbit around the Earth.
1969		President Richard M. Nixon authorizes Operation Menue, the’secret’ bombing of Cambodia.
1970		The U.S. Postal Service is paralyzed by the first postal strike.
1971		U.S. helicopters airlift 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers out of Laos.
1975		South Vietnam abandons most of the Central Highlands to North Vietnamese forces.
1981		The United States discloses biological weapons tests in Texas in 1966.
1986		Buckingham Palace announces the engagement of Prince Andrew to Sarah Ferguson.
Born on March 18
1782		John C. Calhoun, U.S. statesman.
1837		Stephen Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (1885-1889 and 1893-1897), the only U.S. president elected for two nonconsecutive terms.
1842		Stephane Mallarme, French symbolist poet.
1858		Rudolf Diesel, German engineer who designed the compression-ignition engine.
1869		Neville Chamberlin, British Prime Minister (1937-40).
1893		Wilfred Owen, World War I poet.
1932		John Updike, American poet and novelist.
1936		Frederik W. deKlerk, President of the Republic of South Africa.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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37		On a trip to the Italian mainland from his home on Capreae, the emperor Tiberius dies on the Bay of Naples.
1190		The Crusades begin the massacre of Jews in York, England.
1527		The Emperor Babur defeats the Rajputs at the Battle of Kanvaha, removing the main Hindu rivals in Northern India.
1621		The first Indian appears to colonists in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
1833		Susan Hayhurst becomes the first woman to graduate from a pharmacy college.
1850		Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is published.
1865		Union troops push past Confederate blockers at the Battle of Averasborough, N.C.
1907		The British cruiser Invincible, the world’s largest, is completed at Glasgow shipyards.
1913		The 15,000-ton battleship Pennsylvania is launched at Newport News, Va.
1917		Russian Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne.
1926		Physicist Robert H. Goddard launches the first liquid-fuel rocket.
1928		The United States plans to send 1,000 more Marines to Nicaragua.
1935		Adolf Hitler orders a German rearmament and violates the Versailles Treaty.
1939		Germany occupies the rest Czechoslovakia.
1945		Iwo Jima is declared secure by U.S. forces although small pockets of Japanese resistance still exist.
1954		CBS introduces The Morning Show hosted by Walter Cronkite to compete with NBC’s Today Show.
1964		President Lyndon B. Johnson submits a $1 billion war on poverty program to Congress.
1968		U.S. troops in Vietnam destroy a village consisting mostly of women and children, the action is remembered as the My-Lai massacre.
1984		Mozambique and South Africa sign a pact banning support for one another’s internal foes.
1985		Associated Press newsman, Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut.
Born on March 16
1751		James Madison, fourth President of the United States (1809-17).
1789		George S. Ohm, German physicist.
1822		Rosa Bonheur, French painter and sculptor.
1822		John Pope, Union general in the American Civil War.
1861		Maxim Gorky, Russian dramatist
1912		Thelma Catherine Patricia Ryan Nixon, first lady to President Richard Nixon.
1926		Jerry Lewis, American comedian and film actor.

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Today in History
March 14

1629		A Royal charter is granted to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1743		First American town meeting is held at Boston’s Faneuil Hall.
1757		British Admiral John Byng is executed by a firing squad on board HMS Monarch for neglect of duty.
1794		Inventor Eli Whitney receives a patent for his cotton gin.
1900		United States currency goes on the gold standard.
1903		The Senate ratifies the Hay-Herran Treaty, guaranteeing the United states the right to build a canal in Panama.
1912		An anarchist named Antonio Dalba unsuccessfully attempts to kill Italy’s King Victor Emmanuel III in Rome.
1915		The British Navy sinks the German battleship Dresden off the Chilean coast.
1918		An all-Russian Congress of Soviets ratifies a peace treaty with the Central Powers.
1923		President Warren G. Harding becomes the first U.S. President to file an income tax report.
1936		Adolf Hitler tells a crowd of 300,000 that Germany’s only judge is God and itself.
1939		The Nazis dissolve the republic of Czechoslovakia.
1943		The Germans reoccupy Kharkov in the Soviet Union.
1947		The United States signs a 99-year lease on naval bases in the Philippines.
1951		U.N. forces recapture Seoul for the second time during the Korean War.
1954		The Viet Minh launch an assault against the French Colonial Forces at Dien Bien Phu.
1964		A Dallas jury finds Jack Ruby guilty of the murder of assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
1967		John F. Kennedy’s body is moved from a temporary grave to a permanent one in Arlington Cemetery.
1978		An Israeli force of 22,000 invades south Lebanon, hitting the PLO bases.
1990		Mikhail S. Gorbachev becomes president of the Soviet Congress.
1991		The “Birmingham Six,” imprisoned for 16 years for their alleged part in an IRA pub bombing, are set free after a court agrees that the police fabricated evidence.
Born on March 14
1804		Johann Strauss, violinist and composer.
1833		Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first woman dentist.
1854		Paul Ehrlich, German bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize for medicine.
1864		Casey Jones, railroad engineer.
1879		Albert Einstein, German-born mathematician best known for his theories on relativity.
1934		Eugene Cernan, American astronaut, the last man on the moon.

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Today in History
March 13

483		St. Felix begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
607		The 12th recorded passage of Halley’s Comet occurs.
1519		Hernando Cortez lands in what will become Mexico.
1660		A statute is passed limiting the sale of slaves in the colony of Virginia.
1777		Congress orders its European envoys to appeal to high-ranking foreign officers to send troops to reinforce the American army.
1781		Astronomer William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus, which he names ‘Georgium Sidus,’ in honor of King George III.
1793		Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin.
1861		Jefferson Davis signs a bill authorizing slaves to be used as soldiers for the Confederacy.
1868		The U.S. Senate begins the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson.
1881		Czar Alexander II is assassinated when a bomb is thrown at him near his palace.
1915		The Germans repel a British Expeditionary Force attack at the battle of Neuve Chapelle in France.
1918		Women are scheduled to march in the St. Patrick’s Day Parade in New York due to a shortage of men.
1935		A three-thousand-year-old archive is found in Jerusalem confirming biblical history.
1940		Finland capitulates conditionally to Soviet terms, but maintains its independence.
1941		Hitler issues an edict calling for an invasion of the Soviet Union.
1942		Julia Flikke of the Nurse Corps becomes the first woman colonel in the U.S. Army.
1943		Japanese forces end their attack on the American troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville.
1951		Israel demands $1.5 billion in German reparations for the cost of caring for war refugees.
1957		The FBI arrests Jimmy Hoffa on bribery charges.
1963		China invites Soviet Premiere Nikita Khrushchev to visit Beijing.
1970		Cambodia orders Hanoi and Viet Cong troops to get out.
1974		The U.S. Senate votes 54-33 to restore the death penalty.
1974		Arab nations decide to end the oil embargo on the United States.
1981		The United States plans to send 15 Green Berets to El Salvador as military advisors.
1985		Upon the death of Konstantin Chernenko, Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the new leader of the Soviet Union.
1991		Exxon pays $1 billion in fines and costs for the clean-up of the Alaskan oil spill.
Born on March 13
1615		Innocent XII, Roman Catholic Pope
1733		Joseph Priestly, scientist credited with the discovery of oxygen.
1764		Charles Earl Grey, British Prime Minister
1798		Abigail Powers Fillmore, First Lady and wife of Millard Fillmore
1855		Percival Lowell, astronomer who predicted the discovery of the planet Pluto.
1886		Albert William Stevens, balloonist and photographer.
1892		Janet Flanner, writer (“Letter from Paris”).
1900		George Seferis, Greek poet.

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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Today in History
March12

1496		The Jews are expelled from Syria.
1507		Cesare Borgia dies while fighting alongside his brother, the king of Navarre, in Spain.
1609		The Bermuda Islands become an English colony.
1664		New Jersey becomes a British colony.
1789		The United States Post Office is established.
1809		Great Britain signs a treaty with Persia forcing the French out of the country.
1863		President Jefferson Davis delivers his State of the Confederacy address.
1879		The British Zulu War begins.
1884		Mississippi establishes the first U.S. state college for women.
1894		Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time.
1903		The Czar of Russia issues a decree providing for nominal freedom of religion throughout the land.
1909		British Parliament increases naval appropriations for Great Britain.
1911		Dr. Fletcher of the Rockefeller Institute discovers the cause of infantile paralysis.
1912		Juliet Low founds the Girl Scouts in Savannah, Georgia.
1917		Russian troops mutiny as the “February Revolution” begins.
1930		Gandhi begins his march to the sea to symbolizes his defiance of British rule in India.
1933		President Paul von Hindenburg drops the flag of the German Republic and orders that the swastika and empire banner be flown side by side.
1933		President Roosevelt makes the first of his Sunday evening fireside chats.
1938		German troops enter Austria without firing a shot, forming the anschluss (union)of Austria and Germany.
1939		Pius XII is elected the new pope in Rome.
1944		Great Britain bars all travel to neutral Ireland, which is suspected of collaborating with Nazi Germany.
1945		Diarist Anne Frank dies in a German concentration camp.
1959		The U.S. House of Representatives joins the Senate in approving the statehood of Hawaii.
1984		Lebanese President Gemayel opens the second meeting in five years calling for the end to nine-years of war.
1985		The United States and the Soviet Union begin arms control talks in Geneva.
1994		The Church of England ordains women priests.
Born on March 12
1554		Richard Hooker, English theologian (Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity).
1858		Adolph Simon Ochs, publisher of The New York Times.
1862		Jane Delano, nurse, teacher, founder of the Red Cross.
1890		Vasav Nijinsky, Russian ballet dancer.
1922		Jack Kerouac, American novelist (On the Road).
1928		Edward Albee, American dramatist (Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf).
1946		Patricia Hampl, poet and memoirist (A Romantic Education, Virgin Time).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History: March 9, 2015

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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Today in History
March 9

1617		The Treaty of Stolbovo ends the occupation of Northern Russia by Swedish troops.
1734		The Russians take Danzig (Gdansk) in Poland.
1788		Connecticut becomes the 5th state.
1796		Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais in Paris, France.
1812		Swedish Pomerania is seized by Napoleon.
1820		Congress passes the Land Act, paving the way for westward expansion.
1839		The French Academy of Science announces the Daguerreotype photo process.
1841		The rebel slaves who seized a Spanish slave ship, the Amistad, in 1839 are freed by the Supreme Court despite Spanish demands for extradition.
1862		The first and last battle between the ironclads U.S.S. Monitor and C.S.S. Virginia ends in a draw.
1864		General Ulysses Grant is appointed commander-in-chief of the Union forces.
1911		The funding for five new battleships is added to the British military defense budget.
1915		The Germans take Grondno on the Eastern Front.
1916		Mexican bandit Pancho Villa leads 1,500 horsemen on a raid of Columbus, N.M. killing 17 U.S. soldiers and citizens.
1932		Eamon De Valera is elected president of the Irish Free State and pledges to abolish all loyalty to the British Crown.
1936		The German press warns that all Jews who vote in the upcoming elections will be arrested.
1939		Czech President Emil Hacha ousts pro-German Joseph Tiso as the Premier of Slovakia in order to preserve Czech unity.
1940		Britain frees captured Italian coal ships on the eve of German Foreign Minister, Ribbentrop’s visit to Rome.
1956		British authorities arrest and deport Archbishop Makarios from Cyprus. He is accused of supporting terrorists.
1957		Egyptian leader Nasser bars U.N. plans to share the tolls for the use of the Suez Canal.
1959		The Barbie doll is unveiled at a toy fair in New York City.
1964		The first Ford Mustang rolls off the Ford assembly line.
1967		Svetlana Alliluyeva, Josef Stalin’s daughter defects to the United States.
1968		General William Westmoreland asks for 206,000 more troops in Vietnam.
1975		Iraq launches an offensive against the rebellious Kurds.
1986		Navy divers find the crew compartment of the space shuttle Challenger along with the remains of the astronauts.
Born on March 9
1451		Amerigo Vespucci, Italian navigator.
1824		Leland Stanford, railroad builder, founder of Stanford University.
1890		Vyacheslav Molotov, former Soviet Prime Minister.
1892		Vita Sackville-West, writer.
1905		Peter Quennell, biographer.
1910		Samuel Barber, American composer (“Adagio for Strings,” Vanessa).
1918		Frank Morrison Spillane [Mickey Spillane], crime writer (Kiss Me, Deadly, The Erection Set).
1930		Ornette Coleman, jazz saxophonist.
1934		Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, the first man to orbit the Earth.
1943		Bobby Fischer, first American world chess champion.
1947		Keri Hulme, New Zealand novelist (The Bone People).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History: International Women’s Day Sunday, March 8, 2015

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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March 8

1618		Johann Kepler discovers the third Law of Planetary Motion.
1702		Queen Ann becomes the monarch of England upon the death of William III.
1790		George Washington delivers the first State of the Union address.
1853		The first bronze statue of Andrew Jackson is unveiled in Washington, D.C.
1855		The first train crosses Niagara Falls on a suspension bridge.
1862		On the second day of the Battle of Pea Ridge, Confederate forces, including some Indian troops, under General Earl Van Dorn suprise Union troops, but the Union troops win the battle.
1862		The Confederate ironclad C.S.S. Virginia (formerly U.S.S. Merrimack) is launched.
1880		President Rutherford B. Hays declares that the United States will have jurisdiction over any canal built across the isthmus of Panama.
1904		The Bundestag in Germany lifts the ban on the Jesuit order of priests.
1908		The House of Commons, London, turns down the women’s suffrage bill.
1909		Pope Pius X lifts the church ban on interfaith marriages in Hungary.
1910		Baroness de Laroche becomes the first woman to obtain a pilot’s license in France.
1921		Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato is assassinated while leaving Parliament in Madrid.
1921		French troops occupy Dusseldorf.
1941		Martial law is proclaimed in Holland in order to extinguish any anti-Nazi protests.
1942		Japanese troops capture Rangoon, Burma.
1943		Japanese forces attack American troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville. The battle will last five days.
1945		Phyllis Mae Daley recieves a commission in the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps. She will become the first African-American nurse to serve duty in World War II.
1948		The U.S. Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools is unconstitutional.
1954		France and Vietnam open talks in Paris on a treaty to form the state of Indochina.
1961		Max Conrad circles the globe in a record time of eight days, 18 hours and 49 minutes in Piper Aztec.
1965		More than 4,000 Marines land at Da Nang in South Vietnam and become the first U.S. combat troops in Vietnam.
1966		Australia announces that it will triple the number of troops in Vietnam.
1970		The Nixon administration discloses the deaths of 27 Americans in Laos.
1973		Two bombs explode near Trafalgar Square in Great Britain injuring 234 people.
1982		The United States accuses the Soviets of killing 3,000 Afghans with poison gas.
1985		Thomas Creighton dies after having three heart transplants in a 46-hour period. International Women’s Day Sunday, March 8, 2015
Born on March 8
1783		Hannah Hoes Van Buren, wife of Martin Van Buren
1799		Simon Cameron, political boss.
1804		Alvan Clark, telescope manufacturer
1841		Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., U.S. Supreme Court Justice
1859		Kenneth Grahame, Scottish author (The Wind in the Willows).
1879		Otto Hahn, co-discoverer of nuclear fission
1902		Louise Beavers, film actress.
1923		Cyd Charisse, dancer, actress.
1923		John McPhee, writer (Oranges, A Sense of Where You Are).

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March 7

322 BC		The Greek philosopher Aristotle dies.
161		On the death of Antoninus at Lorium, Marcus Aurelius becomes emperor.
1774		The British close the port of Boston to all commerce.
1799		In Palestine, Napoleon captures Jaffa and his men massacre more than 2,000 Albanian prisoners.
1809		Aeronaut Jean Pierre Blanchard — the first person to make the an aerial voyage in the New World — died on March 7, 1809, at the age of 56.
1838		Soprano Jenny Lind (“the Swedish Nightingale”) makes her debut in Weber’s opera Der Freischultz.
1847		U.S. General Winfield Scott occupies Vera Cruz, Mexico.
1849		The Austrian Reichstag is dissolved.
1862		Confederate forces surprise the Union army at the Battle of Pea Ridge, in Arkansas, but the Union is victorious.
1876		Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for the telephone.
1904		The Japanese bomb the Russian town of Vladivostok.
1906		Finland becomes the third country to give women the right to vote, decreeing universal suffrage for all citizens over 24, however, barring those persons who are supported by the state.
1912		French aviator, Heri Seimet flies non-stop from London to Paris in three hours.
1918		Finland signs an alliance treaty with Germany.
1925		The Soviet Red Army occupies Outer Mongolia.
1927		A Texas law that bans Negroes from voting is ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
1933		The board game Monopoly is invented.
1933		The film King Kong premieres in New York City.
1935		Malcolm Campbell sets an auto speed record of 276.8 mph in Florida.
1936		Hitler sends German troops into the Rhineland, violating the Locarno Pact.
1942		Japanese troops land on New Guinea.
1951		U.N. forces in Korea under General Matthew Ridgeway launch Operation Ripper, an offensive to straighten out the U.N. front lines against the Chinese.
1968		The Battle of Saigon, begun on the day of the Tet Offensive, ends.
1971		A thousand U.S. planes bomb Cambodia and Laos.
1979		Voyager 1 reaches Jupiter.
Born on March 7
1707		Stephen Hopkins, signer of the Declaration of Independence.
1872		Piet Mondrian, Dutch abstract painter, leader of the movement known as “de Stijl.”
1875		Maurice Ravel, composer (“Bolero”).
1887		Helen Parkhurst, educator, developed a technique later known as the Dalton Plan.
1904		Reinhard Heydrich, German SS leader and architect of the “Final Solution.”
1907		Rolf Jacobsen, Norwegian poet.
1908		Anna Magnani, Italian actress.

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March 6

1521		Ferdinand Magellan discovers Guam.
1820		The Missouri Compromise is enacted by Congress and signed by President James Monroe, providing for the admission of Missouri into the Union as a slave state, but prohibits slavery in the rest of the northern Louisiana Purchase territory.
1836		After fighting for 13 days, the Alamo falls.
1853		Giuseppe Verdi’s opera La Traviata premieres in Venice.
1857		The Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision holds that blacks cannot be citizens.
1860		While campaigning for the presidency, Abraham Lincoln makes a speech defending the right to strike.
1862		The USS Monitor left New York with a crew of 63, seven officers and 56 seamen.
1884		Over 100 suffragists, led by Susan B. Anthony, present President Chester A. Arthur with a demand that he voice support for female suffrage.
1888		Louisa May Alcott dies just hours after the burial of her father.
1899		Aspirin is patented following Felix Hoffman’s discoveries about the properties of acetylsalicylic acid.
1901		A would-be assassin tries to kill Wilhelm II of Germany in Bremen.
1914		German Prince Wilhelm de Wied is crowned as King of Albania.
1916		The Allies recapture Fort Douamont in France during the Battle of Verdun.
1928		A Communist attack on Beijing results in 3,000 dead and 50,000 fleeing to Swatow.
1939		In Spain, Jose Miaja takes over Madrid government after a military coup and vows to seek “peace with honor.”
1943		British RAF fliers bomb Essen and the Krupp arms works in the Ruhr, Germany.
1945		Cologne, Germany, falls to General Courtney Hodges’ First Army.
1947		Winston Churchill opposes the withdrawal of troops from India.
1948		During talks in Berlin, the Western powers agree to internationalize the Ruhr region.
1953		Upon Josef Stalin’s death, Georgi Malenkov is named Soviet premier.
1960		The Swiss grant women the right to vote in municipal elections.
1965		The United States announces that it will send 3,500 troops to Vietnam.
1967		President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his plan to establish a draft lottery.
1973		President Richard Nixon imposes price controls on oil and gas.
1975		Iran and Iraq announce that they have settled the border dispute.
1980		Islamic militants in Tehran say that they will turn over the American hostages to the Revolutionary Council.
1981		President Reagan announces plans to cut 37,000 federal jobs.
1987		The British ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in the Channel off the coast of Belgium. At least 26 are dead.
Born on March 6
1475		Michelangelo Buonarroti, painter, sculptor and architect.
1806		Elizabeth Barret Browning, poet (Sonnets from the Portuguese).
1831		Philip Henry Sheridan, Union Army general.
1885		Ring Lardner, writer (You Know Me, Al).
1899		Richard Leo Simon, publisher, partner of Max Schuster.
1908		Lou Costello, American comedian, partner of Bud Abbott.
1928		Gabriel Garcia-Marquez, Columbian-born novelist (One Hundred Years of Solitude, Love in the Time of Cholera).
1937		Valentina Nikolayeva-Tereshkova, Russian astronaut, the first woman to orbit the Earth.
1944		Dame Kiri Te Kannawa, operatic soprano.

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March 5

1624		Class-based legislation is passed in the colony of Virginia, exempting the upper class from punishment by whipping.
1766		Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
1793		Austrian troops crush the French and recapture Liege.
1821		James Monroe becomes the first president to be inaugurated on March 5, only because the 4th was a Sunday.
1905		Russians begin to retreat from Mukden in Manchuria, China.
1912		The Italians become the first to use dirigibles for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance flights behind Turkish lines west of Tripoli.
1918		The Soviets move the capital of Russia from Petrograd to Moscow.
1928		Hitler’s National Socialists win the majority vote in Bavaria.
1933		Newly inaugurated President Franklin D. Roosevelt halts the trading of gold and declares a bank holiday.
1933		Hitler and Nationalist allies win the Reichstag majority. It will be the last free election in Germany until after World War II.
1943		In desperation due to war losses, fifteen and sixteen year olds are called up for military service in the German army.
1946		In Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill tells a crowd that “an iron curtain has descended on the Continent [of Europe].”
1956		The U.S. Supreme Court affirms the ban on segregation in public schools in Brown vs. Board of Education.
1969		Gustav Heinemann is elected West German President.
1976		Britain gives up on the Ulster talks and decides to retain rule in Northern Ireland indefinitely.
1984		The U.S. Supreme Court rules that cities have the right to display the Nativity scene as part of their Christmas display.
Born on March 5
1326		Louis I (the Great), King of Hungary.
1574		William Oughtred, mathematician and inventor of the slide rule.
1824		Elisha Harris, U.S. physician and founder of the American Public Health Association.
1824		James Merritt Ives, lithographer for Currier and Ives.
1853		Howard Pyle, writer and illustrator (The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood).
1870		Frank Norris, novelist (McTeague, The Octopus).
1887		Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazillian composer.
1908		Rex Harrison, actor.
1938		Lynn Margulis, biologist.
1948		Leslie Marmon Silko, writer (Ceremony).

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February 28

1066		Westminster Abbey, the most famous church in England, opens its doors.
1574		On the orders of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, two Englishmen and an Irishman are burnt for heresy.
1610		Thomas West is appointed governor of Virginia.
1704		Indians attack Deerfield, Mass. killing 40 and kidnapping 100.
1847		Colonel Alexander Doniphan and his ragtag Missouri Mounted Volunteers ride to victory at the Battle of Sacramento, during the Mexican War.
1861		The territory of Colorado is established.
1900		After a 119-day siege by the Boers, the surrounded British troops in Ladysmith, South Africa, are relieved.
1863		Four Union gunboats destroy the CSS Nashville near Fort McAllister, Georgia.
1916		Haiti becomes the first U.S. protectorate.
1924		U.S. troops are sent to Honduras to protect American interests during an election conflict.
1936		The Japanese Army restores order in Tokyo and arrests officers involved in a coup.
1945		U.S. tanks break the natural defense line west of the Rhine and cross the Erft River.
1946		The U.S. Army declares that it will use V-2 rocket to test radar as an atomic rocket defense system.
1953		Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia sign a 5-year defense pact in Ankara.
1967		In Mississippi, 19 are indicted in the slayings of three civil rights workers.
1969		A Los Angeles court refuses Robert Kennedy assassin Sirhan Sirhan’s request to be executed.
1971		The male electorate in Lichtenstein refuses to give voting rights to women.
1994		U.S. warplanes shoot down four Serb aircraft over Bosnia in the first NATO use of force in the troubled area.
Born on February 28
1533		Michel de Montaigne, French moralist who created the personal essay.
1820		John Tenniel, illustrator of various books (Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland).
1824		Charles Blondin, tightrope walker.
1894		Ben Hecht, writer.
1901		Linus Pauling, Nobel Prize-winning American chemist.
1909		Stephen Spender, English poet, critic.
1911		Denis Burkitt, British medical researcher.
1926		Svetlana Stalin, daughter of Josef Stalin.

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February 25

1570		Pope Pius V issues the bull Regnans in Excelsis which excommunicates Queen Elizabeth of England.
1601		Robert Devereux, the second Earl of Essex and former favorite of Elizabeth I, is beheaded in the Tower of London for high treason.
1642		Dutch settlers slaughter lower Hudson Valley Indians in New Netherland, North America, who sought refuge from Mohawk attackers.
1779		The British surrender the Illinois country to George Rogers Clark at Vincennes.
1781		American General Nathaniel Greene crosses the Dan River on his way to attack Cornwallis.
1791		President George Washington sign a bill creating the Bank of the United States.
1804		Thomas Jefferson is nominated for president at the Democratic-Republican caucus.
1815		Napoleon leaves his exile on the island of Elba, returning to France.
1831		The Polish army halts the Russian advance into their country at the Battle of Grochow.
1836		Samuel Colt patents the first revolving cylinder multi-shot firearm.
1862		Confederate troops abandon Nashville, Tennessee, in the face of Grant’s advance. The ironclad Monitor is commissioned at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
1865		General Joseph E. Johnston replaces John Bell Hood as Commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
1904		J.M. Synge’s play Riders to the Sea opens in Dublin.
1910		The Dalai Lama flees from the Chinese and takes refuge in India.
1919		Oregon introduces the first state tax on gasoline at one cent per gallon, to be used for road construction.
1913		The 16th Amendment to the constitution is adopted, setting the legal basis for the income tax.
1926		Poland demands a permanent seat on the League of Nations council.
1928		Bell Labs introduces a new device to end the fluttering of the television image.
1943		U.S. troops retake the Kasserine Pass in Tunisia, where they had been defeated five days before.
1944		U.S. forces destroy 135 Japanese planes in Marianas and Guam.
1952		French colonial forces evacuate Hoa Binh in Indochina.
1956		Stalin is secretly disavowed by Khrushchev at a party congress for promoting the “cult of the individual.”
1976		The U.S. Supreme Court rules that states may ban the hiring of illegal aliens.
Born on February 25
1841		Pierre Auguste Renoir, French painter and founder of the French Impressionist movement.
1856		Charles Lang Freer, U.S. art collector.
1873		Enrico Caruso, Italian opera tenor.
1888		John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State to President Eisenhower.
1894		Meher Baba, spiritual leader.
1895		Rudolf von Eschwege, German fighter ace in World War I. .
1905		Adele Davis, nutritionist.
1917		Anthony Burgess, English writer (A Clockwork Orange).

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February 23

303		Emperor Diocletian orders the general persecution of Christians in Rome.
1516		The Hapsburg Charles I succeeds Ferdinand in Spain.
1540		Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado begins his unsuccessful search for the fabled Seven Cities of Gold in the American Southwest.
1574		The 5th War of Religion breaks out in France.
1615		The Estates-General in Paris is dissolved, having been in session since October 1614.
1778		Baron von Steuben joins the Continental Army at Valley Forge.
1821		Poet John Keats dies of tuberculosis at the age of 25.
1836		The Alamo is besieged by Santa Anna.
1846		The Liberty Bell tolls for the last time, to mark George Washington’s birthday.
1847		Forces led by Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at the Battle of Buena Vista.
1854		Great Britain officially recognizes the independence of the Orange Free State.
1861		Texas becomes the seventh state to secede from the Union.
1885		John Lee survives three attempts to hang him in Exeter Prison, as the trap fails to open.
1898		Writer Emile Zola is imprisoned in France for his letter J’accuse in which he accuses the French government of anti-semitism and the wrongful imprisonment of army captain Alfred Dreyfus.
1901		Britain and Germany agree on a boundary between German East Africa and Nyasaland.
1904		Japan guarantees Korean sovereignty in exchange for military assistance.
1916		Secretary of State Lansing hints that the U.S. may have to abandon the policy of avoiding “entangling foreign alliances”.
1921		An airmail plane sets a record of 33 hours and 20 minutes from San Francisco to New York.
1926		President Calvin Coolidge opposes a large air force, believing it would be a menace to world peace.
1936		In Russia, an unmanned balloon rises to a record height of 25 miles.
1938		Twelve Chinese fighter planes drop bombs on Japan.
1942		A Japanese submarine shells an oil refinery near Santa Barbara, California, the first Axis bombs to hit American soil.
1944		American bombers strike the Marianas Islands bases, only 1,300 miles from Tokyo.
1945		Eisenhower opens a large offensive in the Rhineland.
1945		U.S. Marines plant an American flag atop Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima.
1946		Japanese General Tomoyuki Yamashita is hanged in Manila, the Philippines, for war crimes.
1947		Several hundred Nazi organizers are arrested in Frankfurt by U.S. and British forces.
1950		New York’s Metropolitan Museum exhibits a collection of Hapsburg art. The first showing of this collection in the U.S.
1954		Mass innoculation begins as Salk’s polio vaccine is given to children for first time.
1955		Eight nations meet in Bangkok for the first SEATO council.
1960		Whites join Negro students in a sit-in at a Winston-Salem, N.C. Woolworth store.
1964		The U.S. and Britain recognize the new Zanzibar government.
1967		American troops begin the largest offensive of the war, near the Cambodian border.
1972		Black activist Angela Davis is released from jail where she was held for kidnapping , conspiracy and murder.
1991		French forces unofficially start the Persian Gulf ground war by crossing the Saudi-Iraqi border.
Born on February 23
1633		Samuel Pepys, English diarist.
1685		George F. Handel, German composer.
1743		Meyer Amschel Rothschild, banker and founder of the Rothschild dynasty in Europe.
1868		W.E.B. [William Edward Burghardt] Du Bois, U.S. historian and civil rights leader, founder of what became the NAACP.
1883		Victor Fleming, film director (The Wizard of Oz, Gone With the Wind)
1899		Erich Kastner, German poet, novelist and children’s author (Emil and the Detectives).
1904		William Shirer, CBS broadcaster and author (The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich).
1924		Allan MacLeod Cormack, physicist, developed the CAT scan.

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February 21

1595		The Jesuit poet Robert Southwell is hanged for “treason” being a Catholic.
1631		Michael Romanov, son of the Patriarch of Moscow, is elected Russian Tsar.
1744		The British blockade of Toulon is broken by 27 French and Spanish warships attacking 29 British ships.
1775		As troubles with Great Britain increase, colonists in Massachusetts vote to buy military equipment for 15,000 men.
1797		Trinidad, West Indies surrenders to the British.
1828		The first issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is printed, both in English and in the newly invented Cherokee alphabet.
1849		In the Second Sikh War, Sir Hugh Gough’s well placed guns win a victory over a Sikh force twice the size of his at Gujerat on the Chenab River, assuring British control of the Punjab for years to come.
1862		The Texas Rangers win a Confederate victory in the Battle of Val Verde, New Mexico.
1878		The world’s first telephone book is issued by the New Haven Connecticut Telephone Company containing the names of its 50 subscribers.
1885		The Washington Monument is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
1905		The Mukden campaign of the Russo-Japanese War, begins.
1916		The battle of Verdun begins with an unprecedented German artillery barrage of the French lines.
1940		The Germans begin construction of a concentration camp at Auschwitz.
1944		Hideki Tojo becomes chief of staff of the Japanese army.
1949		Nicaragua and Costa Rica sign a friendship treaty ending hostilities over their borders.
1951		The U. S. Eighth Army launches Operation Killer, a counterattack to push Chinese forces north of the Han River in Korea.
1956		A grand jury in Montgomery, Alabama indicts 115 in a Negro bus boycott.
1960		Havana places all Cuban industry under direct control of the government.
1965		El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcom X) is assassinated in front of 400 people.
1972		Richard Nixon arrives in Beijing, China, becoming the first U.S. president to visit a country not diplomatically recognized by the U.S.
1974		A report claims that the use of defoliants by the U.S. has scarred Vietnam for a century.
Born on February 21
1794		Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Mexican Revolutionary.
1801		John Henry Newman, English theologian and writer.
1821		Charles Scribner, founded the publishing firm which became Charles Scribner’s Sons and also founded Scribner’s magazine.
1893		Andés Segovia, Spanish classical guitarist.
1907		W.H. Auden, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet (The Age of Anxiety).
1920		Robert S. Johnson, American World War II fighter ace who shot down 27 German planes.
1927		Erma Bombeck, author and humorist (The Grass is Always Greener Over the Septic Tank).

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February 19

1408		The revolt of Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, against King Henry IV, ends with his defeat and death at Bramham Moor.
1701		Philip V of Spain makes his ceremonial entry into Madrid.
1807		Vice President Aaron Burr is arrested in Alabama for treason. He is later found innocent.
1847		Rescuers finally reach the ill-fated Donnor Party in the Sierras.
1861		Russian Tsar Alexander II abolishes serfdom.
1902		Smallpox vaccination becomes obligatory in France.
1903		The Austria-Hungary government decrees a mandatory two year military service.
1915		British and French warships begin their attacks on the Turkish forts at the mouth of the Dardenelles, in an abortive expedition to force the straits of Gallipoli.
1917		American troops are recalled from the Mexican border.
1919		The First Pan African Congress meets in Paris, France.
1925		President Calvin Coolidge proposes the phasing out of inheritance tax.
1926		Dr. Lane of Princeton estimates the earth’s age at one billion years.
1942		Port Darwin, on the northern coast of Australia, is bombed by the Japanese.
1944		The U.S. Eighth Air Force and Royal Air Force begin “Big Week,” a series of heavy bomber attacks against German aircraft production facilities.
1965		Fourteen Vietnam War protesters are arrested for blocking the United Nations’ doors in New York.
1966		Robert F. Kennedy suggests the United States offer the Vietcong a role in governing South Vietnam.
1976		Britain slashes welfare spending.
1981		The U.S. State Department calls El Salvador a “textbook case” of a Communist plot.
1987		New York Governor Mario Cuomo declares that he will not run for president in the next election.
Born on February 19
1473		Nicholas Copernicus, Polish astronomer who introduced the idea that the earth revolved around the sun.
1683		Philip V, King of Spain.
1817		William III, King of the Netherlands.
1859		Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, founder of physical chemistry.
1902		Kay Boyle, short story writer (“The White Horses of Vienna”).
1911		Merle Oberon, film actress.
1917		Carson McCuller, writer (The Heart is a Lonely Hunter).
1940		Smokey Robinson, American singer and songwriter.
1952		Amy Tan, novelist (The Joy Luck CLub, The Kitchen God’s Wife).

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February 16

1760		Cherokee Indians held hostage at Fort St. George are killed in revenge for Indian attacks on frontier settlements.
1804		US Navy lieutenant Steven Decatur leads a small group of sailors into Tripoli harbor and burns the USS Philadelphia, captured earlier by Barbary pirates.
1862		Fort Donelson, Tennessee, falls to Grant’s Federal forces, but not before Nathan Bedford Forrest escapes.
1865		Columbia, South Carolina, surrenders to Federal troops.
1923		Bessie Smith makes her first recording “Down Hearted Blues.”
1934		Thousands of Socialists battle Communists at a rally in New York’s Madison Square Garden.
1937		Dupont patents a new thread, nylon, which will replace silk in a number of products and reduce costs.
1940		The British destroyer HMS Cossack rescues British seamen from a German prison ship, the Altmark, in a Norwegian fjord.
1942		Tojo outlines Japan’s war aims to the Diet, referring to “new order of coexistence” in East Asia.
1945		American paratroopers land on Corregidor, in a campaign to liberate the Philippines.
1951		Stalin contends the U.N. is becoming the weapon of aggressive war.
1952		The FBI arrests 10 members of the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina.
1957		A U.S. flag flies over an outpost in Wilkes Land, Antarctica.
1959		Fidel Castro takes the oath as Cuban premier in Havana.
1965		Four persons are held in a plot to blow up the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell and the Washington Monument.
1966		The World Council of Churches being held in Geneva, urges immediate peace in Vietnam.
1978		China and Japan sign a $20 billion trade pact, which is the most important move since the 1972 resumption of diplomatic ties.
Born on February 16
1620		Frederick William, founder of Brandenburg-Prussia.
1838		Henry Adams, U.S. historian, son and grandson of the presidents.
1852		Charles Taze Russell, founder of the International Bible Students Association which later became the Jehovah’s Witnesses.
1845		Quinton Hogg, English philanthropist.
1886		Van Wyck Brooks, biographer, critic and literary historian.
1903		Edgar Bergen, ventriloquist and radio comedian.
1904		George Kennan, U.S. diplomat and historian.
1944		Richard Ford, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist (The Sportswriter, Independence Day).

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February 14

Happy Valentine’s Day!Today is St. Valentine’s Day, the feast day of two Christian martyrs named Valentine: one a priest and physician, the other the Bishop of Terni. Both are purported to have been beheaded on this day. The custom of sending handmade ‘valentines’ to one’s beloved became popular during the 17th century and was first commercialized in the United States in the 1840s.
1349		2,000 Jews are burned at the stake in Strasbourg, Germany.
1400		The deposed Richard II is murdered in Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire.
1549		Maximilian II, brother of the Emperor Charles V, is recognized as the future king of Bohemia.
1779		American Loyalists are defeated by Patriots at Kettle Creek, Ga.
1797		The Spanish fleet is destroyed by the British under Admiral Jervis (with Nelson in support) at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, off Portugal.
1848		James Polk becomes the first U.S. President to be photographed in office by Matthew Brady.
1859		Oregon is admitted as the thirty-third state.
1870		Esther Morris becomes the world’s first female justice of the peace.
1876		Rival inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both apply for patents for the telephone.
1900		General Roberts invades South Africa’s Orange Free State with 20,000 British troops.
1904		The “Missouri Kid” is captured in Kansas.
1912		Arizona becomes the 48th state in the Union.
1915		Kaiser Wilhelm II invites the U.S. Ambassador to Berlin in order to confer on the war.
1918		Warsaw demonstrators protest the transfer of Polish territory to the Ukraine.
1920		The League of Women Voters is formed in Chicago in celebration of the imminent ratification of the 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote.
1924		Thomas Watson founds International Business Machines Corp.
1929		Chicago gang war between Al Capone and George “Bugs” Moran culminates with several Moran confederates being gunned down in the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre.
1939		Germany launches the battleship Bismark.
1940		Britain announces that all merchant ships will be armed.
1942		Japanese paratroopers attack Sumatra. Aidan MacCarthy‘s RAF unit flew to Palembang, in eastern Sumatra, where 30 Royal Australian Air Force Lockheed A-28 Hudson bombers were waiting.
1945		800 Allied aircraft firebomb the German city of Dresden. Smaller followup bombing raids last until April with a total death toll of between 35,000 to 130,000 civillians.
1945		The siege of Budapest ends as the Soviets take the city. Only 785 German and Hungarian soldiers managed to escape.
1949		The United States charges the Soviet Union with interning up to 14 million in labor camps.
1955		A Jewish couple loses their fight to adopt Catholic twins as the U.S. Supreme Court refuses to rule on state law.
1957		The Georgia state senate outlaws interracial athletics.
1965		Malcolm X’s home is firebombed. No injuries are reported.
1971		Moscow publicizes a new five-year plan geared to expanding consumer production.
1973		The United States and Hanoi set up a group to channel reconstruction aid directly to Hanoi.
1979		Armed guerrillas attack the U.S. embassy in Tehran.
1985		Vietnamese troops surround the main Khmer Rouge base at Phnom Malai.
1989		Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini charges that Salman Rushdie’s novel, The Satanic Verses, is blasphemous and issues an edict (fatwa) calling on Muslims to kill Rushdie.
Born on February 14
1760		Richard Allen, first black ordained by a Methodist-Episcopal church.
1817		Frederick Douglass, slave, and later, activist and author.
1819		Christopher Latham Sholes, inventor of the first practical typewriter.
1845		Quinton Hogg, English philanthropist.
1859		George Washington Gale Ferris, inventor of the Ferris Wheel.
1894		Jack Benny, comedian, radio and television performer…and violinist.
1894		Mary Lucinda Cardwell Dawson, founded the National Negro Opera Company (NNOC) and was appointed to President John F. Kennedy’s National Committee on Music.

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February 13

167		Polycarp, a disciple of St. John and bishop of Smyrna, is martyred on the west coast of Asia Minor.
1542		Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII, is beheaded for adultery.
1689		British Parliament adopts the Bill of Rights.
1692		In the Glen Coe highlands of Scotland, thirty-eight members of the MacDonald clan are murdered by soldiers of the neighboring Campbell clan for not pledging allegiance to William of Orange. Ironically the pledge had been made but not communicated to the clans. The event is remembered as the Massacre of Glencoe.
1862		The four day Battle of Fort Donelson, Tennessee, begins.
1865		The Confederacy approves the recruitment of slaves as soldiers, as long as the approval of their owners is gained.
1866		Jesse James holds up his first bank.
1914		The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) is founded.
1936		First social security checks are put in the mail.
1945		The Royal Air Force Bomber Command devastates the German city of Dresden with night raids by 873 heavy bombers. The attacks are joined by 521 American heavy bombers flying daylight raids.
1949		A mob burns a radio station in Ecuador after the broadcast of H.G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds.”
1951		At the Battle of Chipyong-ni, in Korea, U.N. troops contain the Chinese forces’ offensive in a two-day battle.
1953		The Pope asks the United States to grant clemency to convicted spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
1968		The United States sends 10,500 more combat troops to Vietnam.
1970		General Motors is reportedly redesigning automobiles to run on unleaded fuel.
1972		Enemy attacks in Vietnam decline for the third day as the United States continues its intensive bombing strategy.
1984		Konstantin Chernenko is selected to succeed Yuri Andropov as Party General Secretary in the Soviet Union.
Born on February 13
1599		Alexander VII, Roman Catholic Pope.
1682		Giovanni Piazzetta, painter (Fortune Teller).
1764		Charles de Talleyrand, Napoleon’s foreign minister.
1849		Lord Randolph Churchill, English politician, Winston Churchill’s father and member of Parliament.
1873		Feodor Chaliapin, opera singer.
1892		Grant Wood, painter (American Gothic).
1902		Georges Simenon, novelist.
1910		William B. Shockley, physicist, co-inventor of the transistor.
1919		Tennessee Ernie Ford, country and gospel singer.
1922		Harold “Hal” Moore Jr., US Army lieutenant general, author; led 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment at 1965 Battle of Ia Drang Valley; his best-known book, co-authored with combat journalist Joe Galloway, is “We Were Soldiers Once . . . And Young,” an account of that battle.
1923		Charles “Chuck” Yeager, American test pilot, the first man to break the sound barrier.
1933		Kim Novak, actress.

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February 12

1294		Kublai Khan, the conqueror of Asia, dies at the age of 80.
1554		Lady Jane Grey, the Queen of England for thirteen days, is beheaded on Tower Hill. She was barely 17 years old.
1709		Alexander Selkirk, the Scottish seaman whose adventures inspired the creation of Daniel Dafoe‘s Robinson Crusoe, is taken off Juan Fernandez Island after more than four years of living there alone.
1793		The first fugitive slave law, requiring the return of escaped slaves, is passed.
1818		Chile gains independence from Spain.
1836		Mexican General Santa Anna crosses the Rio Grande en route to the Alamo.
1909		The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is formed.
1912		China becomes a republic following the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty.
1921		Winston Churchill of London is appointed colonial secretary.
1924		George Gershwin’s groundbreaking symphonic jazz composition Rhapsody in Blue premieres with Gershwin himself playing the piano with Paul Whiteman’s orchestra.
1929		Charles Lindbergh announces his engagement to Anne Morrow.
1931		Japan makes its first television broadcast–a baseball game.
1935		The Macon, the last U.S. Navy dirigible, crashes off the coast of California, killing two people.
1938		Japan refuses to reveal naval data requested by the U.S. and Britain.
1940		The Soviet Union signs a trade treaty with Germany to aid against the British blockade.
1944		Wendell Wilkie enters the American presidential race against Franklin D. Roosevelt.
1949		Moslem Brotherhood chief Hassan el Banna is shot to death in Cairo.
1953		The Soviets break off diplomatic relations with Israel after the bombing of Soviet legation.
1966		The South Vietnamese win two big battles in the Mekong Delta.
1972		Senator Edward Kennedy advocates amnesty for Vietnam draft resisters.
1974		The Symbionese Liberation Army asks the Hearst family for $230 million in food for the poor.
1980		The Lake Placid Winter Olympics open in New York.
1987		A Court in Texas upholds $8.5 billion of a fine imposed on Texaco for the illegal takeover of Getty Oil.
1999		The U.S. Senate fails to pass two articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton. He had been accused of perjury and obstruction of justice by the House of Representatives.
Born on February 12
1768		Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor
1775		Louisa Adams, wife of John Quincy Adams
1809		Charles Darwin, naturalist and influential theorist of evolution (On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection).
1809		Abraham Lincoln, 16th U.S. President of the United State (1861-1865).
1828		George Meredith, English poet and novelist.
1857		Eugene Atget, French photographer, took over 10,000 photographs documenting Paris.
1874		Auguste Perret, French architect, pioneer in designs of reinforced concrete buildings.
1880		John L. Lewis, American labor leader.
1893		Omar Bradley, U.S. army general during World War II.

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Today In History: What Happened This Day In History (Tuesday, February 10, 2015)

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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February 10

1258		Huegu, a Mongol leader, seizes Baghdad, bringing and end to the Abbasid caliphate.
1620		Supporters of Marie de Medici, the queen mother, who has been exiled to Blois, are defeated by the king’s troops at Ponts de Ce, France.
1763		The Treaty of Paris ends the French-Indian War. France gives up all her territories in the New World except New Orleans and a few scattered islands.
1799		Napoleon Bonaparte leaves Cairo, Egypt, for Syria, at the head of 13,000 men.
1814		Napoleon personally directs lightning strikes against enemy columns advancing toward Paris, beginning with a victory over the Russians at Champaubert.
1840		Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert.
1846		Led by religious leader Brigham Young, the first Mormons begin a long westward exodus from Nauvoo, Il., to Utah.
1863		P.T. Barnum’s star midgets, Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren, are married.
1904		Russia and Japan declare war on each other.
1915		President Wilson blasts the British for using the U.S. flag on merchant ships to deceive the Germans.
1939		Japanese occupy island of Hainan in French Indochina.
1941		London severs diplomatic relations with Romania.
1941		Iceland is attacked by German planes.
1942		The war halts civilian car production at Ford.
1945		B-29s hit the Tokyo area.
1955		Bell Aircraft displays a fixed-wing vertical takeoff plane.
1960		Adolph Coors, the beer brewer, is kidnapped in Golden, Colo.
1966		Protester David Miller is convicted of burning his draft card.
1979		The Metropolitan Museum announces the first major theft in 110-year history, $150,000 Greek marble head.
1986		The largest Mafia trial in history, with 474 defendants, opens in Palermo, Italy.
Born on February 10
1890		Boris Pasternak, Russian novelist and poet (Dr. Zhivago).  (Listen to Doctor Zhivago, by Boris Pastenak on euzicasa! just click on the shortcut above!)
1893		Jimmy Durante, American comedian and film actor.
1894		Harold MacMillan, British prime minister (1957-1963).
1897		John F. Enders, virologist.
1898		Bertolt Brecht, German poet and dramatist (The Threepenny Opera).
1901		Stella Adler, actress and teacher.
1902		Walter Brattain, physicist, one of the inventors of the transistor.
1910		Dominique Georges Pire, Belgian cleric and educator.
1914		Larry Adler, harmonica virtuoso.
1920		Alex Comfort, English physician and author (Joy of Sex).
1927		(Mary Violet) Leontyne Price, opera singer.

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February 9

1567		Lord Darnley, the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered his sick-bed in a house in Edinburgh when the house blows up.
1799		The USS Constellation captures the French frigate Insurgente off the West Indies.
1825		The House of Representatives elects John Quincy Adams, sixth U.S. President.
1861		Jefferson F. Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
1864		Union General George Armstrong Custer marries Elizabeth Bacon in their hometown of Monroe, Mich.
1904		Japanese troops land near Seoul, Korea, after disabling two Russian cruisers.
1909		France agrees to recognize German economic interests in Morocco in exchange for political supremacy.
1916		Conscription begins in Great Britain as the Military Service Act becomes effective.
1922		The U.S. Congress establishes the World War Foreign Debt Commission.
1942		Chiang Kai-shek meets with Sir Stafford Cripps, the British viceroy in India.
1943		The Red Army takes back Kursk 15 months after it fell to the Germans.
1946		Stalin announces the new five-year plan for the Soviet Union, calling for production boosts of 50 percent.
1951		Actress Greta Garbo gets U.S. citizenship.
1953		The French destroy six Viet Minh war factories hidden in the jungles of Vietnam.
1964		The U.S. embassy in Moscow is stoned by Chinese and Vietnamese students.
1978		Canada expels 11 Soviets in spying case.
1994		Nelson Mandela becomes the first black president of South Africa.
Born on February 9
1773		William Henry Harrison, ninth U.S. President and the first to die in office.
1814		Samuel Tilden, philanthropist.
1819		Lydia E. Pinkham, patent-medicine maker and entrepeneur.
1846		William Maybach, German engineer, designed the first Mercedes automobile.
1871		Howard T. Ricketts, pathologist.
1874		Amy Lowell, poet.
1880		James Stephens, Irish writer (The Charwoman’s Daughter, The Crock of Gold).
1909		Dean Rusk, Secretary of State under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.
1923		Brendan Behan, Irish playwright and poet (The Hostage, The Quare Fellow).
1944		Alice Walker, Pulitzer prize winning author (The Color Purple).

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February 8

1587		Mary, Queen of Scots is beheaded in Fotheringhay Castle for her alleged part in the conspiracy to usurp Elizabeth I.
1807		At Eylau, Napoleon’s Marshal Pierre Agureau attacks Russian forces in a heavy snowstorm.
1861		Delegates from seceded states adopt a provisional Confederate Constitution.
1862		Union troops under Gen. Ambrose Burnside defeat a Confederate defense force at the Battle of Roanoke Island, N.C.
1865		Confederate raider William Quantrill and men attack a group of Federal wagons at New Market, Kentucky.
1887		Congress passes the Dawes Act, which gives citizenship to Indians living apart from their tribe.
1900		British General Buller is beaten at Ladysmith, South Africa as the British flee over the Tugela River.
1904		In a surprise attack at Port Arthur, Korea, the Japanese disable seven Russian warships.
1910		The Boy Scouts of America is incorporated.
1924		The gas chamber is used for the first time to execute a murderer.
1942		The Japanese land on Singapore.
1943		British General Orde Wingate leads a guerrilla force of “Chindits” against the Japanese in Burma.
1952		Elizabeth becomes Queen of England after her father, King George VI, dies.
1962		The U.S. Defense Department reports the creation of the Military Assistance Command in South Vietnam.
1965		South Vietnamese bomb the North Vietnamese communications center at Vinh Linh.
1971		South Vietnamese ground forces, backed by American air power, begin Operation Lam Son 719, a 17,000 man incursion into Laos that ends three weeks later in a disaster.
1990		CBS television temporarily suspends Andy Rooney for his anti-gay and ant-black remarks in a magazine interview.
Born on February 8
412		St. Proclus, Patriarch of Constantinople
1820		William T. Sherman, Union general in the American Civil War.
1828		Jules Verne, French novelist, one of the first writers of science fiction (Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea).
1834		Dmitri Ivanovich Medeleyev, Russian chemist, developed the periodic table of elements.
1851		Kate (O’Flaherty ) Chopin, novelist, short story writer (The Awakening).
1906		Chester F. Carlson, physicist, inventor of xerography, the electrostatic dry-copy process.
1906		Henry Roth, writer (Call it Sleep).
1911		Elizabeth Bishop, poet.
1926		Neal Cassaday, writer, counterculture proponent.
1931		James Dean, film actor and 1950s teenage icon (Rebel Without a Cause, East of Eden, Giant).
1940		Ted Koppel, television journalist.

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February 6

1626		Huguenot rebels and the French sign the Peace of La Rochelle.
1778		France recognizes the United States and signs a treaty of aid in Paris.
1788		Massachusetts becomes the sixth state to ratify the Constitution.
1862		The Battle of Fort Henry, Tenn., begins the Mississippi Valley campaign.
1891		The Dalton Gang commits its first crime, a train robbery in Alila, Calif.
1899		The Spanish-American War ends.
1900		President McKinley appoints W.H. Taft commissioner to report on the Philippines.
1904		Japan’s foreign minister severs all ties with Russia, citing delaying tactics in negotiations over Manchuria.
1916		Germany admits full liability for Lusitania incident and recognizes the United State’s right to claim indemnity.
1922		The Washington Disarmament Conference comes to an end with signature of final treaty forbidding fortification of the Aleutian Islands for 14 years.
1926		Mussolini warns Germany to stop agitation in Tyrol.
1929		Germany accepts Kellogg-Briand pact.
1933		Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich begins press censorship.
1936		Adolf Hitler opens the Fourth Winter Olympics.
1941		The RAF clears the way as British take Benghazi, trapping thousands of Italians.
1944		Kwajalein Island in the Central Pacific falls to U.S. Army troops.
1945		MacArthur reports the fall of Manila, and the liberation of 5,000 prisoners.
1963		The United States reports that all Soviet offensive arms are out of Cuba.
1964		Cuba blocks the water supply to Guantanamo Naval Base in rebuke of the United State’s seizure of four Cuban fishing boats.
1964		Paris and London agree to build a rail tunnel under the English Channel.
1965		Seven U.S. GIs are killed in a Viet Cong raid on a base in Pleiku.
1968		Charles de Gaulle opens the 19th Winter Olympics in France.
1975		President Gerald Ford asks Congress for $497 million in aid to Cambodia.
1977		Queen Elizabeth marks her Silver Jubilee.
1982		Civil rights workers begin a march from Carrolton to Montgomery, Alabama.
Born on February 6
1756		Aaron Burr, 3rd U.S. Vice President.
1895		George Herman “Babe” Ruth, baseball player with the Boston Red Sox, the New York Yankees and the Boston Braves. The first player to hit 60 home runs in one season.
1911		Ronald Reagan, film actor and 40th U.S. President (1981-1989).
1913		Mary Douglas Leakey, archaeologist and paleoanthropologist.
1932		Francois Truffaut, French film director (The 400 Blows, Shoot the Piano Player).
1933		Walter E. Fountroy, politician and civil rights leader.
1940		Tom Brokaw, NBC News anchorman.
1945		Bob Marley, reggae musician.

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February 4

786		Harun al-Rashid succeeds his older brother the Abbasid Caliph al-Hadi as Caliph of Baghdad.
1194		Richard I, King of England, is freed from captivity in Germany.
1508		The Proclamation of Trent is made.
1787		Shay’s Rebellion, an uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers against the new U.S. government, fails.
1795		France abolishes slavery in her territories and confers slaves to citizens.
1889		Harry Longabaugh is released from Sundance Prison in Wyoming, thereby acquiring the famous nickname, “the Sundance Kid.”
1899		After an exchange of gunfire, fighting breaks out between American troops and Filipinos near Manila, sparking the Philippine-American War
1906		The New York Police Department begins finger print identification.
1909		California law segregates Caucasian and Japanese schoolchildren.
1915		Germany decrees British waters as part of the war zone; all ships to be sunk without warning.
1923		French troops take the territories of Offenburg, Appenweier and Buhl in the Ruhr as a part of the agreement ending World War I.
1932		Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt inaugurates the Winter Olympics at Lake Placid, N.Y.
1941		The United Service Organization (U.S.O.) is formed to cater to armed forces and defense industries.
1944		The Japanese attack the Indian Seventh Army in Burma.
1945		The Big Three, American, British and Soviet leaders, meet in Yalta to discuss the war aims.
1966		Senate Foreign Relations Committee begins televised hearings on the Vietnam War.
1980		Syria withdraws its peacekeeping force in Beirut.
1986		The U.S. Post Office issues a commemorative stamp featuring Sojourner Truth.
Born on February 4
1881		Fernand Leger, French painter.
1900		Jacques Prevert, French poet, screenwriter (The Visitors of the Evening, The Children of Paradise).
1902		Charles Lindbergh, the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic.
1906		Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German Protestant theologian.
1906		Clyde Tombaugh, astronomer, discovered Pluto.
1913		Rosa Lee Parks, civil rights activist.
1921		Betty Friedan, writer, feminist, founded the National Organization of Women in 1966.
1925		Russell Hoban, artist and writer (Bedtime for Frances, The Mouse and His Child).
1932		Robert Coover, novelist & short story writer.
1947		Dan Quayle, vice president under President George H.W. Bush.

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February 2

962		Otto I invades Italy and is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1032		Conrad II claims the throne of France.
1494		Columbus begins the practice using Indians as slaves.
1571		All eight members of a Jesuit mission in Virginia are murdered by Indians who pretended to be their friends.
1626		Charles I is crowned King of England. Fierce internal struggles between the monarchy and Parliament characterized 17th century English politics.
1848		The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo formally ends the Mexican War.
1865		Confederate raider William Quantrill and his bushwackers rob citizens, burn a railroad depot and steal horses from Midway, Kentucky.
1870		The press agencies Havas, Reuter and Wolff sign an agreement whereby between them they can cover the whole world.
1876		The National Baseball League is founded with eight teams.
1900		Six cities, Boston, Detroit, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Chicago and St. Louis agree to form baseball’s American League.
1901		Mexican government troops are badly beaten by Yaqui Indians.
1916		U.S. Senate votes independence for Philippines, effective in 1921.
1921		Airmail service opens between New York and San Francisco. Airmail’s First Day.
1934		Alfred Rosenberg is made philosophical chief of the Nazi Party.
1939		Hungary breaks relations with the Soviet Union.
1943		Last of the German strongholds at Stalingrad surrender to the Red army.
1944		The Germans stop an Allied attack at Anzio, Italy.
1945		Some 1,200 Royal Air Force planes blast Wiesbaden and Karlsruhe.
1948		The United States and Italy sign a pact of friendship, commerce and navigation.
1959		Arlington and Norfolk, Va., peacefully desegregate public schools.
1960		The U.S. Senate approves 23rd Amendment calling for a ban on the poll tax.
1972		The Winter Olympics begin in Sapporo, Japan.
1978		U.S. Jewish leaders bar a meeting with Egypt’s Anwar Sadat.
1987		Largest steel strike in American history, in progress since August, ends.
Born on February 2
1754		Charles Maurice de Tallyrand-Perigord, minister of foreign affairs for Napoleon I, who represented France brilliantly at the Congress of Vienna.
1882		James Joyce, Irish novelist and poet (Ulysses, Portrait of a Young Man).
1890		Charles Correl, radio performer.
1895		George Halas, National Football League co-founder.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A Timeline Of Events That Occurred On This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

February 1

1327		Edward III is coronated King of England.
1587		Elizabeth I, Queen of England, signs the Warrant of Execution for Mary Queen of Scots.
1633		The tobacco laws of Virginia are codified, limiting tobacco production to reduce dependence on a single-crop economy.
1793		France declares war on Britain and the Netherlands.
1861		A furious Governor Sam Houston storms out of a legislative session upon learning that Texas has voted 167-7 to secede from the Union.
1902		U.S. Secretary of State John Hay protests Russian privileges in China as a violation of the “open door policy.”
1905		Germany contests French rule in Morocco.
1909		U.S. troops leave Cuba after installing Jose Miguel Gomez as president.
1930		A Loening Air Yacht of Air Ferries makes its first passenger run between San Francisco and Oakland, California..
1942		Planes of the U.S. Pacific fleet attack Japanese bases in the Marshall and Gilbert Islands.
1943		American tanks and infantry are battered at German positions at Fais pass in North Africa.
1944		U.S. Army troops invade two Kwajalein Islands in the Pacific.
1945		U.S. Rangers and Filipino guerrillas rescue 513 American survivors of the Bataan Death March.
1951		Third A-bomb tests are completed in the desert of Nevada.
1960		Four black students stage a sit-in at a segregated Greensboro, N.C. lunch counter.
1964		President Lyndon B. Johnson rejects Charles de Gaulle‘s plan for a neutral Vietnam.
1965		Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and 770 others are arrested in protest against voter discrimination in Alabama.
1968		U.S. troops drive the North Vietnamese out of Tan Son Nhut airport in Saigon.
1968		South Vietnam President Nguyen Van Thieu declares martial law.
1986		Two days of anti-government riots in Port-au-Prince result in 14 dead.
Born on February 1
1552		Sir Edward Coke, English jurist who helped the development of English law with his arguments for the supremacy of common law over royal prerogative.
1878		Hattie Caraway, first woman elected to the U.S. Senate.
1901		Clark Gable, American film actor (Mutiny on the Bounty, Gone With the Wind).
1902		Langston Hughes, African-American poet
1931		Boris Yeltsin, The first president of the Republic of Russia and prime minister of the Russian Federation.

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Today In History (January 31) : What Happened This Day In History

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

January 31

1606		Guy Fawkes is hanged, drawn and quartered for his part in the Gunpowder Plot, an attempt to blow up Parliament.
1620		Virginia colony leaders write to the Virginia Company in England, asking for more orphaned apprentices for employment.
1788		The Young Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart dies.
1835		A man with two pistols misfires at President Andrew Jackson at the White House.
1865		House of Representatives approves a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery.
1911		The German Reichstag exempts royal families from tax obligations.
1915		Germans use poison gas on the Russians at Bolimov.
1915		German U-boats sink two British steamers in the English Channel.
1916		President Woodrow Wilson refuses the compromise on Lusitania reparations.
1917		Germany resumes unlimited sub warfare, warning that all neutral ships that are in the war zone will be attacked.
1935		The Soviet premier tells Japan to get out of Manchuria.
1943		The Battle of Stalingrad ends as small groups of German soldiers of the Sixth Army surrender to the victorious Red Army forces.
1944		U.S. troops under Vice Adm. Spruance land on Kwajalien atoll in the Marshall Islands.
1950		Paris protests the Soviet recognition of Ho Chi Minh’s Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
1966		U.S. planes resume bombing of North Vietnam after a 37-day pause.
1968		In Vietnam, the Tet Offensive begins as Viet Cong and North Vietnamese soldiers attack strategic and civilian locations throughout South Vietnam.
1976		Ernesto Miranda, famous from the Supreme Court ruling on Miranda vs. Arizona is stabbed to death.
1981		Lech Walesa announces an accord in Poland, giving Saturdays off to laborers.
Born on January 31
1734		Robert Morris, signatory of the Declaration of Independence.
1797		Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (C Major Symphony, The Unfinished Symphony).
1919		Jackie Robinson, first African-American baseball player in the modern major leagues.
1925		Benjamin Hooks, civil rights leader.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

January 29

1813		Jane Austin publishes Pride and Prejudice.
1861		Kansas is admitted into the Union as the 34th state.
1865		William Quantrill and his Confederate raiders attack Danville, Kentucky.
1918		The Supreme Allied Council meets at Versailles.
1926		Violette Neatley Anderson becomes the first African-American woman admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court.
1929		The Seeing Eye, America’s first school for training dogs to guide the blind, founded in Nashville, Tennessee.
1931		Winston Churchill resigns as Stanley Baldwin’s aide.
1942		German and Italian troops take Benghazi in North Africa.
1944		The world’s greatest warship, Missouri, is launched.
1950		Riots break out in Johannesburg, South Africa, over the policy of Apartheid.
1967		Thirty-seven civilians are killed by a U.S. helicopter attack in Vietnam.
1979		President Jimmy Carter commutes the sentence of Patty Hearst.
1984		President Ronald Reagan announces that he will run for a second term.
1984		The Soviets issue a formal complaint against alleged U.S. arms treaty violations.
1991		Iraqi forces attack into Saudi Arabian town of Kafji, but are turned back by Coalition forces.
Born on January 29
1737		Thomas Paine, political essayist (The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason).
1843		William McKinley, 25th President of the United States.
1880		W.C. Fields, comedian and actor (David Copperfield, My Little Chickadee).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

January 28

28		The Roman Emperor Nerva names Trajan, an army general, as his successor.
1547		Henry VIII of England dies and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Edward VI.
1757		Ahmed Shah, the first King of Afghanistan, occupies Delhi and annexes the Punjab.
1792		Rebellious slaves in Santo Domingo launch an attack on the city of Cap.
1871		Surrounded by Prussian troops and suffering from famine, the French army in Paris surrenders. During the siege, balloons were used to keep contact with the outside world.
1915		The U.S. Coast Guard is founded to fight contraband trade and aid distressed vessels at sea.
1915		The German navy attacks the U.S. freighter William P. Frye, loaded with wheat for Britain.
1921		Albert Einstein startles Berlin by suggesting the possibility of measuring the universe.
1932		The Japanese attack Shanghai, China, and declare martial law.
1936		A fellow prison inmate slashes infamous kidnapper, Richard Loeb, to death.
1941		French General Charles DeGaulle‘s Free French forces sack south Libya oasis.
1945		Chiang Kai-shek renames the Ledo-Burma Road the Stilwell Road, in honor of General Joseph Stilwell.
1955		The U.S. Congress passes a bill allowing mobilization of troops if China should attack Taiwan.
1964		The Soviets down a U.S. jet over East Germany killing three.
1970		Israeli fighter jets attack the suburbs of Cairo.
1986		The space shuttle Challenger explodes just after liftoff.
Born on January 28
1693		Anna “Ivanovna”, Tsarina of Russia.
1706		John Baskerville, inventor of the “hot-pressing” method of printing.
1853		Jose Marti, Cuban poet and journalist, known as the “Apostle of the Cuban Revolution.”
1912		Jackson Pollock, influential abstract expressionist painter.

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

January 26

1699		The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the war between Austria and the Turks.
1720		Guilio Alberoni is ordered out of Spain after his abortive attempt to restore his country’s empire.
1788		A fleet of ships carrying convicts from England lands at Sydney Cove in Australia. The day is since known as Australia’s national day.
1861		Louisiana secedes from the Union.
1863		President Lincoln names General Joseph Hooker to replace Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
1875		Pinkerton agents, hunting Jesse James, kill his 18-year-old half-brother and seriously injure his mother with a bomb.
1885		General “Chinese” Gordon is killed on the palace steps in Khartoum by Sudanese Mahdists in Africa.
1924		Petrograd is renamed Leningrad.
1934		Germany signs a 10-year non-aggression pact with Poland, breaking the French alliance system.
1942		American Expeditionary Force lands in Northern Ireland.
1943		The first OSS (Office of Strategic Services) agent parachutes behind Japanese lines in Burma.
1964		Eighty-four people are arrested in a segregation protest in Atlanta.
1969		California is declared a disaster area after two days of flooding and mud slides.
2005		Condoleezza Rice is appointed to the post of secretary of state. The post makes her the highest ranking African-American woman ever to serve in an U.S. presidential cabinet.
Born on January 26
1715		Claude Helvétius, French philosopher.
1826		Julia Dent Grant, wife of Ulysses S. Grant.
1880		Douglas MacArthur, U.S. general in World War I, World War II and Korea.
1893		Bessie Coleman, pioneer aviator.
1944		Angela Davis, American activist.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

January 24

41		Shortly after declaring himself a god, Caligula is assassinated by two Praetorian tribunes.
1458		Matthias Corvinus, the son of John Hunyadi, is elected king of Hungary.
1639		Representatives from three Connecticut towns band together to write the Fundamental Orders, the first constitution in the New World.
1722		Czar Peter the Great caps his reforms in Russia with the “Table of Rank” which decrees a commoner can climb on merit to the highest positions.
1848		Gold is discovered by James Wilson Marshall at his partner Johann August Sutter’s sawmill on the South Fork of the American River, near Coloma, California.
1903		U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and British Ambassador Herbert create a joint commission to establish the Alaskan border.
1911		U.S. Cavalry is sent to preserve the neutrality of the Rio Grande during the Mexican Civil War.
1915		The German cruiser Blücher is sunk by a British squadron in the Battle of Dogger Bank.
1927		British expeditionary force of 12,000 is sent to China to protect concessions at Shanghai.
1931		The League of Nations rebukes Poland for the mistreatment of a German minority in Upper Silesia.
1945		A German attempt to relieve the besieged city of Budapest is finally halted by the Soviets.
1946		The UN establishes the International Atomic Energy Commission.
1951		Indian leader Nehru demands that the UN name Peking as an aggressor in Korea.
1965		Winston Churchill dies from a cerebral thrombosis at the age of 90.
1980		In a rebuff to the Soviets, the U.S. announces intentions to sell arms to China.
1982		A draft of Air Force history reports that the U.S. secretly sprayed herbicides on Laos during the Vietnam War.
Born on January 24
1712		Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia, noted for his social reforms and leading Prussia in military victories.
1732		Pierre de Beaumarchais, French dramatist (The Barber of Seville, The Marriage of Figaro).
1862		Edith Wharton, U.S. novelist who wrote Ethan Frome and The Age of Innocence.

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

January 23

1901		A great fire ravages Montreal, resulting in $2.5 million in property lost.
1913		The “Young Turks” revolt because they are angered by the concessions made at the London peace talks.
1932		Franklin D. Roosevelt enters the presidential race.
1948		The Soviets refuse UN entry into North Korea to administer elections.
1949		The Communist Chinese forces begin their advance on Nanking.
1950		Jerusalem becomes the official capital of Israel.
1951		President Truman creates the Commission on Internal Security and Individual Rights, to monitor the anti-Communist campaign.
1969		NASA unveils moon-landing craft.
1973		President Richard Nixon claims that Vietnam peace has been reached in Paris and that the POWs would be home in 60 days.
1977		Alex Haley’s Roots begins a record-breaking eight-night broadcast on ABC.
1981		Under international pressure, opposition leader Kim Dae Jung’s death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment in Seoul.
1986		U.S. begins maneuvers off the Libyan coast.
Born on January 23
1832		Édouard Manet, French impressionist painter best known for Luncheon in the Grass.
1899		Humphrey Bogart, U.S. film actor (The African Queen, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon).
1919		Ernie Kovacs, U.S. comedian and television personality.
1957		Princess Caroline of Monaco.

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