Sighișoara, Transylvania, Romania http://bit.ly/2r2v73u

Sighișoara, Transylvania, Romania http://bit.ly/2r2v73u

Domenica delle Palme Il mio desiderio è di pace, amore e serenità a tutti voi!

Domenica delle Palme Il mio desiderio è di pace, amore e serenità a tutti voi!

Un ramoscello d’ulivo in segno di pace. Buona domenica delle Palme!

Un ramoscello d’ulivo in segno di pace.

Buona domenica delle Palme!

Georgy Kurasov was born in 1958 in the USSR

Georgy Kurasov was born in 1958 in the USSR

Buona domenica delle Palme!

Buona domenica delle Palme!

Il ramoscello di ulivo è il simbolo della pace: ecco un ramoscello virtuale anche per te, perché ci sia sempre pace e gioia nel tuo cuore!

Buona domenica delle Palme!

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Byzantine Empire – Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

Tremissis with the image of Justinian the Great (r. 527–565).

Byzantine Empire
This article is about the medieval Roman empire. For other uses, see Byzantine (disambiguation).
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453.[1] During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both “Byzantine Empire” and “Eastern Roman Empire” are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the Roman Empire (Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr. Basileia tôn Rhōmaiōn; Latin: Imperium Romanum),[2] or Romania (Ῥωμανία), and to themselves as “Romans.”[3]

Roman Empire
Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων
Basileía Rhōmaíōna
Imperium Romanum
Eastern division of the Roman Empire
(285–480)b
285–1453c
Tremissis with the image of Justinian the Great(r. 527–565) (see Byzantine insignia)
Tremissis with the image of Justinian the Great
(r. 527–565) (see Byzantine insignia)

The Empire at its greatest extent in AD 555 under
Justinian the Great (its vassals in pink)
Capital
Nicomedia
(286–330)
Constantinoplec
(330–1204, 1261–1453)
Syracuse
(663–669)
Languages
Latin (official until 610)
Greek (official after 610)
Religion
Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)
(tolerated after the Edict of Milan in 313; state religion after 380)
Government
Republican monarchy
Notable emperors
•
285–305
Diocletian
•
324–337
Constantine I
•
457–474
Leo I
•
527–565
Justinian I
•
610–641
Heraclius
•
717–741
Leo III
•
976–1025
Basil II
•
1081–1118
Alexios I
•
1449–1453
Constantine XI
Historical era
Late Antiquity to Late Middle Ages
•
Partition of the Roman Empire
285
•
Founding of Constantinople
330
•
Death of Theodosius I
395
•
Nominal end of the Western Roman Empire
476
•
Fourth Crusade; establishment of Latin Empire
1204
•
Reconquest of Constantinople by Palaiologos
1261
•
Fall of Constantinople
29 May 1453c
•
Fall of Trebizond
15 August 1461
Population
•
565 AD est.
26,000,000d
•
780 AD est.
7,000,000
•
1025 AD est.
12,000,000
Currency
Solidus, hyperpyron and follis
Preceded by Succeeded by
Dio coin3.jpg Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
a.
^ Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων may be transliterated in Latin as Basileia Rhōmaiōn, meaning Roman Empire.
b.
^ Theodosius I was the last emperor to rule over both the Eastern and Western Roman Empire. He died in 395 AD after making Christianity the official religion of the empire.
c.
^ Between 1204 and 1261 there was an interregnum when the Empire was divided into the Empire of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus, which were all contenders for rule of the Empire. The Empire of Nicaea is considered the legitimate continuation of the Byzantine Empire because they managed to re-take Constantinople.
d.
^ See Population of the Byzantine Empire for more detailed figures taken provided by McEvedy and Jones, Atlas of World Population History, 1978, as well as Angeliki E. Laiou, The Economic History of Byzantium, 2002.
Several signal events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the period of transition during which the Roman Empire’s Greek East and Latin West divided. Constantine I (r. 324–337) reorganised the empire, made Constantinople the new capital, and legalised Christianity. Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the Empire’s official state religion and other religious practices were proscribed. Finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the Empire’s military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin.[4] Thus, although the Roman state continued and Roman state traditions were maintained, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was centred on Constantinople, oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity.[3]

The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including North Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582–602), the Empire’s eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination caused the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, which exhausted the Empire’s resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Early Muslim conquests of the seventh century. In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs.[5]

During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the Empire again expanded and experienced the two-century long Macedonian Renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia.

The Empire recovered again during the Komnenian restoration, such that by the 12th century Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest European city.[6] However, it was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked in 1204 and the territories that the Empire formerly governed were divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople in 1261, the Byzantine Empire remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Byzantine Empire.[7] The last of the imperial Byzantine successor states, the Empire of Trebizond, would be conquered by the Ottomans eight years later in the 1461 Siege of Trebizond.[8]

Nomenclature
History
Government and bureaucracy
Science, medicine and law
Culture
Economy
Legacy
See also
Annotations
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Last edited 2 days ago by Dawnseeker2000
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Today’s Holiday: Palm Sunday (Austria)

Today’s Holiday:
Palm Sunday (Austria)

Palm Sunday commemorates Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem, where he was greeted by people waving palm branches. In Austria and the Bavarian region of Germany, farmers make Palmbuschen by attaching holly leaves, willow boughs, and cedar twigs to the tops of long poles. After the Palmbuschen have been blessed in the local church, the farmers set them up in their fields or barns to ward off illness, to protect their crops from hail and drought, and to preserve their families from other disasters. The Palmbuschen are kept there throughout the year. More…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

Today’s Birthday: Saint Catherine of Siena (1347)

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Born in Siena, Italy, as Caterina Benincasa, Catherine claimed to have mystic visions beginning in early childhood. In 1370, in response to a vision, she began sending letters to prominent figures. She later traveled to Avignon and influenced Pope Gregory XI to end the “Babylonian captivity” of the papacy and return to Rome. Although she never learned to write, she dictated hundreds of letters and some notable mystic works. Catherine is believed to have suffered from what condition? More…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

This Day in History: Sergei Krikalev, the “Last Soviet Citizen,” Returns to Earth (1992)

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In May 1991, the Soviet Union launched the Soyuz TM-12 mission to the Mir space station. Within months, all but one of the mission’s crew members had returned to Earth. Krikalev, a Soviet flight engineer, stayed behind to help staff Mir and conduct experiments. That December, the USSR dissolved. When the cosmonaut finally returned to Earth the following spring, it was as a citizen of Russia. Krikalev has spent more time in space than any other human—how many days in total? More…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

Quote of the Day: Joseph Conrad

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Let a fool be made serviceable according to his folly. More…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

Article of the Day: Fashion in the 15th Century

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Fashion in 15th-century Europe was characterized by a series of extremes and extravagances. As Europe continued to become more prosperous, the urban middle class, including skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed the fashions set by the elite, ranging from voluminous gowns—called houppelandes—with sweeping, floor-length sleeves to draped, jeweled, and feathered hats, hoods, and other headdresses. What was the fashion trend known as slashing? More…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

Idiom of the Day: make a mark

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make a mark

To do something that makes one famous or successful; to do something that is very important or meaningful. Watch the video…: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

Word of the Day: gentility

Word of the Day:
gentility

Definition: (noun) Elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression.
Synonyms: breeding, genteelness
Usage: She was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine gentility of those days; characterized by a certain state and dignity, rather than by the delicate…grace which is now recognized as its indication.: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tfd.mobile.TfdSearch

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O imagine din aeroplan cu Făgărașul, anii 40 și locul unde s-a construit Casa de Cultură.

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Companies pull ads from Facebook after Cambridge Analytica controversy | TheHill

http://thehill.com/homenews/news/380065-companies-pull-advertising-from-facebook-after-cambridge-analytica-scandal
THE HILL
Companies pull ads from Facebook after Cambridge Analytica controversy
Luis Sanchez – 03/24/18 09:44 AM EDT

Several companies have suspended their advertisements on Facebook after it was revealed that the data firm Cambridge Analytica improperly used the Facebook data of tens of millions of people.

Facebook is trying to respond to the crisis by assuring advertisers that it’s working to audit all apps that use its platform and that their user’s personal data is safe, The Wall Street Journal reported.

This has not stopped a number of marketers from moving to sever ties with Facebook as the social media company deals with the privacy issues.

Among those pulling ads are Mozilla, which owns the web browser Firefox, and Pep Boys auto-parts store. Germany’s second largest bank, Commerzbank, and wireless speaker maker Sonos have also suspended ads.

Even though some advertisers are only leaving Facebook temporarily, Facebook’s stock has dropped more than 13 percent this week.

Many advertisers privately say they are fine sticking with Facebook but they are monitoring the situation closely, the Journal reported.

According to Facebook, the social media platform is taking several steps to improve safety, including a new feature that shows which apps have access to user’s data and also gives users the option to deny the apps permission to the data.

Facebook’s current turmoil began earlier this month when it was reported that Cambridge Analytica had harvested the private Facebook data of 50 million users.

The firm obtained the data from a Cambridge University professor who had collected it through his app, which used a Facebook login.

Politicians on both sides of the aisle are calling on Facebook and Cambridge Analytica to speak with Congress about the situation and privacy concerns.

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