Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

Today in History June 3

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

1098		Christian Crusaders of the First Crusade seize Antioch, Turkey.
1539		Hernando De Soto claims Florida for Spain.
1861		Union troops defeat Confederate forces at Philippi, in western Virginia
1864		Some 7,000 Union troops are killed within 30 minutes during the Battle of Cold Harbor in Virginia.
1888		The classic baseball poem “Casey at the Bat,” written by Ernest L. Thayer, is published in the San Francisco Examiner.
1918		The Finnish Parliament ratifies a treaty with Germany.
1923		In Italy, dictator Benito Mussolini grants women the right to vote.
1928		Manchurian warlord Chian Tso-Lin dies as a result of a bomb blast set off by the Japanese.
1938		The German Third Reich votes to confiscate so-called “degenerate art.”
1940		The German Luftwaffe hits Paris with 1,100 bombs.
1942		Japanese carrier-based planes strafe Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands as a diversion of the attack on Midway Island.
1952		A rebellion by North Korean prisoners in the Koje prison camp in South Korea is put down by American troops.
1965		Astronaut Edward White becomes the first American to walk in space when he exits the Gemini 4 space capsule.
1969		74 American sailors died when the destroyer USS Frank E. Evans was cut in two by an Australian aircraft carrier in the South China Sea.
1974		Charles Colson, an aide to President Richard Nixon, pleads guilty to obstruction of justice.
1989		The Chinese government begins its crackdown on pro-democracy activists in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. Hundreds are killed and thousands are arrested.
Born on June 3
1726		James Hutton, Scottish scientist, pioneer in the field of geology.
1804		Richard Cobden, English economist and politician.
1808		Jefferson Davis, President of Confederate States of America.
1904		Charles R. Drew, American physician, researcher of blood plasma.
1906		Josephine Baker, dancer and singer.
1922		Alain Resnais, French film director.
1926		Allen Ginsberg, American poet (Howl).
1936		Larry McMurtry, novelist (The Last Picture Show, Terms of Endearment).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

SOMEWHERE IN TIME

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
May 8

1450		Jack Cade’s Rebellion–Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI.
1541		Hernando de Soto discovers the Mississippi River which he calls Rio de Espiritu Santo.
1559		An act of supremacy defines Queen Elizabeth I as the supreme governor of the church of England.
1794		The United States Post Office is established.
1846		The first major battle of the Mexican War is fought at Palo Alto, Texas.
1862		General ‘Stonewall’ Jackson repulses the Federals at the Battle of McDowell, in the Shenendoah Valley.
1864		Union troops arrive at Spotsylvania Court House to find the Confederates waiting for them.
1886		Atlanta pharmacist John Pemberton invents Coca Cola.
1895		China cedes Taiwan to Japan under Treaty of Shimonoseki.
1904		U.S. Marines land in Tangier, North Africa, to protect the Belgian legation.
1919		The first transatlantic flight by a navy seaplane takes-off.
1933		Hahatma Gandhi begins a hunger strike to protest British oppression in India.
1940		German commandos in Dutch uniforms cross the Dutch border to hold bridges for the advancing German army.
1942		The Battle of the Coral Sea between the Japanese Navy and the U.S. Navy ends.
1945		The final surrender of German forces is celebrated as VE (Victory Europe) day.
1952		Allied fighter-bombers stage the largest raid of the war on North Korea.
1958		President Eisenhower orders the National Guard out of Little Rock as Ernest Green becomes the first black to graduate from an Arkansas public school.
1967		Boxer Muhammad Ali is indicted for refusing induction in U.S. Army.
1984		The Soviet Union announces it will not participate in Summer Olympics planned for Los Angeles.
1995		Jacques Chirac is elected president of France.
Born on May 8
1668		Alain Rene Lesage, French writer (The Adventures of Gil Blas, Turcaret).
1753		Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican nationalist.
1828		Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss philanthropist, founder of the Red Cross and YMCA, first recipient (jointly) of the Nobel Peace Prize.
1829		Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American pianist.
1884		Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953).
1895		Edmund Wilson, American critic and essayist.
1906		Roberto Rossellini, Italian film director.
1910		Mary Lou Williams, jazz pianist and composer.
1920		Sloan Wilson, American author (The man in the Gray Flannel Suit, A Summer Place).
1928		Theodore Sorenson, advisor to John F. Kennedy.
1930		Gary Snyder, beat poet.
1937		Thomas Pynchon, novelist (Gravity’s Rainbow).
1940		Peter Benchley, novelist (Jaws, The Deep).
1952		Beth Henley, Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright (Crimes of the Heart).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

Today In History. What Happened

SOMEWHERE IN TIME

This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 10

1790		The U.S. patent system is established.
1809		Austria declares war on France and her forces enter Bavaria.
1862		Union forces begin the bombardment of Fort Pulaski in Georgia along the Tybee River.
1865		At Appomattox Court, Va, General Robert E. Lee issues his last orders to the Army of Northern Virginia.
1866		The American Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is formed.
1902		South African Boers accept British terms of surrender.
1912		The Titanic begins her maiden voyage which will end in disaster.
1925		F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby.
1930		The first synthetic rubber is produced.
1932		Paul von Hindenburg is elected president in Germany.
1938		Germany annexes Austria.
1941		U.S. troops occupy Greenland to prevent Nazi infiltration.
1945		In their second attempt to take the Seelow Heights, near Berlin, the Red Army launches numerous attacks against the defending Germans. The Soviets gain one mile at the cost of 3,000 men killed and 368 tanks destroyed.
1945		Allied troops liberate the Nazi concentration camp of Buchenwald north of Weiner, Germany.
1947		Jackie Robinson becomes the first black to play major league baseball as he takes the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers.
1971		The American table tennis team arrives in China.
1974		Yitzhak Rabin replaces resigning Israeli Prime Minister, Golda Meir.
1981		Imprisoned Irish Republican Army hunger striker Bobby Sands is elected to the British Parliament.
Born on April 10
1583		Hugo Grotius, Dutch statesman and scholar.
1794		Matthew C. Perry, American naval officer, opened Japan to trade with the west.
1827		Lew Wallace, Civil War general, lawyer, diplomat and author of Ben Hur.
1867		A.E. (George William Russell), Irish poet and mystic.
1880		Frances Perkins, U.S. labor secretary, first female cabinet member.
1903		Clare Boothe Luce, reporter, U.S. ambassador to the Vatican.
1917		Robert B. Woodward, synthetic chemist.
1934		David Halberstam, New York Times correspondent, author, Pulitzer Prize winner in 1964.
1932		Omar Sharif (Michael Shalhoub), actor (Dr. Zhivago).
1941		Paul Theroux, author (The Great Railway Bazaar).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 8

1789		The U.S. House of Representatives holds its first meeting.
1832		Some 300 American troops of the 6th Infantry leave Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, to confront the Sauk Indians in what would become known as the Black Hawk War.
1864		In the Battle of Mansfield, Louisiana, Federals are routed by Confederate Gen. Richard Taylor.
1865		General Robert E. Lee’s retreat is cut off near Appomattox Court House.
1898		British General Horatio Kitchner defeats the Khalifa, leader of the dervishes in Sudan, at the Battle of Atbara.
1913		The 17th Amendment is ratified, requiring direct election of senators.
1935		The Works Progress Administration (WPA) is approved by Congress.
1939		Italy invades Albania.
1942		The Soviets open a rail link to the besieged city of Leningrad.
1952		President Truman orders the seizure of U.S. steel mills to prevent a strike.
1962		Bay of Pigs invaders get thirty years imprisonment in Cuba.
1974		Hank Aaron hits his 715th home run, breaking Babe Ruth’s record.
1975		Frank Robinson of the Cleveland Indians becomes first black manager of a major league baseball team.
Born on April 8
563 BC		Gautama Buddha, founder of Buddhism.
1605		Philip IV, king of Spain and Portugal (1621-65).
1726		Lewis Morris, signer of the Declaration of Independence.
1893		Mary Pickford (Gladys Smith), early film actress.
1893		Edgar “Yip” Harburg, lyricist (“Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?,” “Over the Rainbow”).
1920		Carmen McRae, jazz vocalist and pianist.
1921		Betty Bloomer Ford, first lady to President Gerald Ford.
1955		Barbara Kingsolver, novelist (The Bean Trees, Animal Dreams).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History: April 3, 2015

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 3

628		In Persia, Kavadh sues for peace with the Byzantines.
1367		John of Gaunt and Edward the Black Prince win the Battle of Najara, in Spain.
1559		Philip II of Spain and Henry II of France sign the peace of Cateau-Cambresis, ending a long series of wars between the Hapsburg and Valois dynasties.
1860		The Pony Express connects St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California.
1862		Slavery is abolished in Washington, D.C.
1865		Union forces occupy the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
1882		The American outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed by his cousin, Bob Ford.
1910		Alaska’s Mount McKinley, the highest mountain in North America is climbed.
1920		F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre are married at St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City.
1936		Bruno Hauptmann, killer of the Lindbergh baby, is executed.
1942		The Japanese begin their all-out assault on the U.S. and Filipino troops at Bataan.
1944		The U.S. Supreme Court rules that black citizens are eligible to vote in all elections, including primaries.
1948		President Harry Truman signs Marshall Plan, it will revive war-torn Europe.
1966		Three-thousand South Vietnamese Army troops lead a protest against the Ky regime in Saigon.
1972		Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States after a twenty-year absence.
1984		Coach John Thompson of Georgetown University becomes the first African-American coach to win an NCAA basketball tournament.
Born on April 3
1783		Washington Irving, American writer (The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle).
1822		Edward Everett Hale, American clergyman and author (Man without a Country).
1823		William Macy “Boss” Tweed, New York City political boss.
1837		John Burroughs, nature writer.
1842		Hermann Karl Vogel, German astonomer.
1888		Gertrude Bridget “Ma” Rainey, American singer, “the mother of the blues.”
1898		Henry R. Luce, magazine publisher, founder of Time, Fortune and Life.
1924		Marlon Brando, actor (On the Waterfront, The Godfather).
1924		Doris Von Kappelhoff [Doris Day], American singer and actress.
1930		Helmut Kohl, chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

April 2

1792		The United States authorizes the minting of the $10 Eagle, $5 half-Eagle & 2.50 quarter-Eagle gold coins as well as the silver dollar, dollar, quarter, dime & half-dime.
1796		Haitian revolt leader Toussaint L’Ouverture takes command of French forces at Santo Domingo.
1801		The British navy defeats the Danish at the Battle of Copenhagen.
1865		Confederate President Jefferson Davis flees Richmond, Virginia as Grant breaks Lee’s line at Petersburg.
1910		Karl Harris perfects the process for the artificial synthesis of rubber.
1914		The U.S. Federal Reserve Board announces plans to divide the country into 12 districts.
1917		President Woodrow Wilson presents a declaration of war against Germany to Congress.
1917		Jeannette Pickering Rankin is sworn in as the first woman to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives.
1931		Virne “Jackie” Mitchell becomes the first woman to play for an all-male pro baseball team. In an exhibition game against the New York Yankees, she strikes out both Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig.
1932		Charles Lindbergh pays over $50,000 ransom for his kidnapped son.
1944		Soviet forces enter Romania, one of Germany’s allied countries.
1958		The National Advisory Council on Aeronautics is renamed NASA.
1963		Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King begins the first non-violent campaign in Birmingham, Alabama.
1982		Argentina invades the British-owned Falkland Islands.
Born on April 2
742		Charlemagne, first Holy Roman Emperor.
1725		Giovanni Casanova, Italian adventurer.
1805		Hans Christian Andersen, Danish author of fairy tales.
1834		Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, sculptor.
1840		Emile Zola, French novelist and activist.
1875		Walter P. Chrysler, founder of Chrysler Automobile Company.
1891		Max Ernst, German painter, sculptor and founder of surrealism.
1905		Kurt Adler, American conductor.
1905		Serge Lifar, dancer and opera director.
1914		Alec Guinness, British actor.
1948		Emmylou Harris, American singer.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 28

1774		Britain passes the Coercive Act against rebellious Massachusetts.
1854		Britain and France declare war on Russia.
1864		A group of Copperheads attack Federal soldiers in Charleston, Illinois. Five are killed and twenty wounded.
1885		The Salvation Army is officially organized in the United States.
1908		Automobile owners lobby Congress in support of a bill that calls for vehicle licensing and federal registration.
1910		The first seaplane takes off from water at Martinques, France.
1917		The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is founded, Great Britain’s first official service women.
1921		President Warren Harding names William Howard Taft as chief justice of the United States.
1930		Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara respectively.
1933		Nazis order a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools.
1939		The Spanish Civil War ends as Madrid falls to Francisco Franco.
1941		The Italian fleet is routed by the British at the Battle of Battle of Cape Matapan
1941		English novelist Virginia Woolf throws herself into the River Ouse near her home in Sussex. Her body is never found.
1942		A British ship, the HMS Capbeltown, a Lend-Lease American destroyer, which was specifically rammed into a German occupied dry-dock in France, explodes, knocking the area out of action for the German battleship Tirpitz.
1945		Germany launches the last of its V-2 rockets against England.
1946		Juan Peron is elected President of Argentina. He will hold the office for six years.
1962		The U.S. Air Force announces research into the use of lasers to intercept missiles and satellites.
1969		Dwight D. Eisenhower dies at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, D.C.
1979		A major accident occurs at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island nuclear power plant
1986		The U.S. Senate passes $100 million aid package for the Nicaraguan contras.
1990		Jesse Owens receives the Congressional Gold Medal from President George Bush.
1999		An American Stealth F117 Nighthawk is shot down over northern Yugoslavia during NATO air strikes.
Born on March 28
1652		Samuel Sewall, British colonial merchant and one of the Salem witch trial judges.
1818		Wade Hampton, Confederate general in the American Civil War.
1862		Aristide Briand, premier of France (1909-22).
1868		Maxim Gorky, Russian short story writer and novelist.
1895		James McCudden, the first RAF pilot to receive the Victoria Cross.
1909		Nelson Algren, novelist (The Man with the Golden Arm, A Walk on the Wild Side).
1929		Frederick Exley, American novelist (A Fan’s Notes).
1930		Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, helped confirm the existence of quarks.
1936		Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist (Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, Death in the Andes).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 28

1774		Britain passes the Coercive Act against rebellious Massachusetts.
1854		Britain and France declare war on Russia.
1864		A group of Copperheads attack Federal soldiers in Charleston, Illinois. Five are killed and twenty wounded.
1885		The Salvation Army is officially organized in the United States.
1908		Automobile owners lobby Congress in support of a bill that calls for vehicle licensing and federal registration.
1910		The first seaplane takes off from water at Martinques, France.
1917		The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is founded, Great Britain’s first official service women.
1921		President Warren Harding names William Howard Taft as chief justice of the United States.
1930		Constantinople and Angora change their names to Istanbul and Ankara respectively.
1933		Nazis order a ban on all Jews in businesses, professions and schools.
1939		The Spanish Civil War ends as Madrid falls to Francisco Franco.
1941		The Italian fleet is routed by the British at the Battle of Battle of Cape Matapan
1941		English novelist Virginia Woolf throws herself into the River Ouse near her home in Sussex. Her body is never found.
1942		A British ship, the HMS Capbeltown, a Lend-Lease American destroyer, which was specifically rammed into a German occupied dry-dock in France, explodes, knocking the area out of action for the German battleship Tirpitz.
1945		Germany launches the last of its V-2 rockets against England.
1946		Juan Peron is elected President of Argentina. He will hold the office for six years.
1962		The U.S. Air Force announces research into the use of lasers to intercept missiles and satellites.
1969		Dwight D. Eisenhower dies at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, D.C.
1979		A major accident occurs at Pennsylvania’s Three Mile Island nuclear power plant
1986		The U.S. Senate passes $100 million aid package for the Nicaraguan contras.
1990		Jesse Owens receives the Congressional Gold Medal from President George Bush.
1999		An American Stealth F117 Nighthawk is shot down over northern Yugoslavia during NATO air strikes.
Born on March 28
1652		Samuel Sewall, British colonial merchant and one of the Salem witch trial judges.
1818		Wade Hampton, Confederate general in the American Civil War.
1862		Aristide Briand, premier of France (1909-22).
1868		Maxim Gorky, Russian short story writer and novelist.
1895		James McCudden, the first RAF pilot to receive the Victoria Cross.
1909		Nelson Algren, novelist (The Man with the Golden Arm, A Walk on the Wild Side).
1929		Frederick Exley, American novelist (A Fan’s Notes).
1930		Jerome Isaac Friedman, American physicist, helped confirm the existence of quarks.
1936		Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist (Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter, Death in the Andes).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 25

708		Constantine begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
1634		Lord Baltimore founds the Catholic colony of Maryland.
1655		Puritans jail Governor Stone after a military victory over Catholic forces in the colony of Maryland.
1668		The first horse race in America takes place.
1776		The Continental Congress authorizes a medal for General George Washington.
1807		British Parliament abolishes the slave trade.
1813		The frigate USS Essex flies the first U.S. flag in battle in the Pacific.
1865		Confederate forces capture Fort Stedman, during the siege of Petersburg, Va.
1879		Japan invades the kingdom of Liuqiu (Ryukyu) Islands, formerly a vassal of China.
1905		Rebel battle flags that were captured during the American Civil War are returned to the South.
1911		A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, a sweatshop in New York City, claims the lives of 146 workers.
1915		The first submarine disaster occurs when a U.S. F-4 sinks off the Hawaiian coast.
1919		The Paris Peace Commission adopts a plan to protect nations from the influx of foreign labor.
1931		Fifty people are killed in riots that break out in India. Mahatma Gandhi was one of many people assaulted.
1940		The United States agrees to give Britain and France access to all American warplanes.
1941		Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers.
1953		The USS Missouri fires on targets at Kojo, North Korea, the last time her guns fire until the Persian Gulf War of 1992.
1954		RCA manufactures its first color TV set and begins mass production.
1957		The European Common Market Treaty is signed in Rome. The goal is to create a common market for all products–especially coal and steel.
1965		Martin Luther King Jr. leads a group of 25,000 to the state capital in Montgomery, Ala.
1969		John Lennon and Yoko Ono stage a bed-in for peace in Amsterdam.
1970		The Concorde makes its first supersonic flight.
1975		Hue is lost and Da Nang is endangered by North Vietnamese forces. The United States orders a refugee airlift to remove those in danger.
1981		The U.S. Embassy in San Salvador is damaged when gunmen attack, firing rocket propelled grenades and machine guns.
1986		President Ronald Reagan orders emergency aid for the Honduran army. U.S. helicopters take Honduran troops to the Nicaraguan border.
Born on March 25
1133		Henry II, King of England (1154-1189).
1767		Joachim Murat, Napoleon’s brother in law who became king of Naples in 1808.
1797		John Winebrenner, U.S. clergyman who founded the Church of God.
1839		William Bell Wait, educator of the blind.
1867		Gutzon Borglum, sculptor of Mount Rushmore.
1868		Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor.
1906		Alan John Percivale Taylor, English historian.
1908		David Lean, British film director (Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia).
1925		(Mary) Flannery O’Connor, novelist and short story writer.
1934		Gloria Steinem, political activist, editor.
1942		Aretha Franklin, American singer, the “Queen of Soul.”

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 23

1657		France and England form an alliance against Spain.
1743		Handel’s Messiah is performed for the first time in London.
1775		American revolutionary hero Patrick Henry, while addressing the House of Burgesses, declares “give me liberty, or give me death!”
1791		Etta Palm, a Dutch champion of woman’s rights, sets up a group of women’s clubs called the Confederation of the Friends of Truth.
1848		Hungary proclaims its independence of Austria.
1857		Elisha Otis installs the first modern passenger elevator in a public building, at the corner of Broome Street and Broadway in New York City.
1858		Eleazer A. Gardner of Philadelphia patents the cable street car, which runs on overhead cables.
1862		Confederate General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson faces his only defeat at the Battle of Kernstown, Va
1880		John Stevens of Neenah, Wis., patents the grain crushing mill. This mill allows flour production to increase by 70 percent.
1901		A group of U.S. Army soldier led by Brig. Gen. Frederick Funston capture Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Philippine Insurrection of 1899.
1903		The Wright brothers obtain an airplane patent.
1909		British Lt. Ernest Shackleton finds the magnetic South Pole.
1909		Theodore Roosevelt begins an African safari sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
1917		Austrian Emperor Charles I makes a peace proposal to French President Poincare.
1920		Great Britain denounces the United States because of its delay in joining the League of Nations.
1921		Arthur G. Hamilton sets a new parachute record, safely jumping 24,400 feet.
1927		Captain Hawthorne Gray sets a new balloon record soaring to 28,510 feet.
1933		The Reichstag gives Adolf Hitler the power to rule by decree.
1942		The Japanese occupy the Anadaman Islands in the Indian Ocean.
1951		U.S. paratroopers descend from flying boxcars in a surprise attack in Korea.
1956		Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic, although it is still within the British Commonwealth.
1967		Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. calls the Vietnam War the biggest obstacle to the civil rights movement.
1970		Mafia boss Carlo Gambino is arrested for plotting to steal $3 million.
1972		The United States calls a halt to the peace talks on Vietnam being held in Paris.
1981		U.S. Supreme Court upholds a law making statutory rape a crime for men but not women.
Born on March 23
1900		Erich Fromm, German psychologist (The Sane Society).
1907		Daniele Bovet, Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist.
1908		Joan Crawford, American actress.
1910		Akira Kurosawa, film director (Rashomon, The Seven Samurai).
1912		Werner von Braun, German-born rocket pioneer.
1929		Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to run the mile in less than four minutes.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
March 21

630		Heraclius restores the True Cross, which he has recaptured from the Persians.
1556		Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury, is burned at the stake at Oxford after retracting the last of seven recantations that same day.
1617		Pocahontas (Rebecca Rolfe) dies of either small pox or pneumonia while in England with her husband, John Rolfe.
1788		Almost the entire city of New Orleans, Louisiana, is destroyed by fire.
1806		Lewis and Clark begin their trip home after an 8,000 mile trek of the Mississippi basin and the Pacific Coast.
1865		The Battle of Bentonville, N.C. ends, marking the last Confederate attempt to stop Union General William Sherman.
1851		Emperor Tu Duc orders that Christian priests are to put to death.
1858		British forces in India lift the siege of Lucknow, ending the Indian Mutiny.
1906		Ohio passes a law that prohibits hazing by fraternities.
1908		Frenchman Henri Farman carries a passenger in a bi-plane for the first time.
1910		The U.S. Senate grants ex-President Teddy Roosevelt an annual pension of $10,000.
1918		The Germans launch the ‘Michael’ offensive, better remembered as the First Battle of the Somme.
1928		President Calvin Coolidge presents the Congressional Medal of Honor to Charles Lindbergh, a captain in the US Army Air Corps Reserve, for making the first solo trans-Atlantic flight. On June 11, 1927, Lindbergh had received the first Distinguished Flying Cross ever awarded.
1939		Singer Kate Smith records “God Bless America” for Victor Records.
1941		The last Italian post in East Libya, North Africa, falls to the British.
1951		Secretary of Defense George C. Marshall reports that the U.S. military has doubled to 2.9 million since the start of the Korean War.
1963		Alcatraz Island, the federal penitentiary in San Francisco Bay, California, closes.
1965		The United States launches Ranger 9, last in a series of unmanned lunar explorations.
1971		Two U.S. platoons in Vietnam refuse their orders to advance.
1975		As North Vietnamese forces advance, Hue and other northern towns in South Vietnam are evacuated.
1980		President Jimmy Carter announces to the U.S. Olympic Team that they will not participate in the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow as a boycott against Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.
1984		A Soviet submarine crashes into the USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Japan.
Born on March 21
1685		Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer.
1806		Benito Juarez, President of Mexico.
1869		Albert Kahn, architect who originated modern factory design.
1869		Florenz Ziegfeld, producer, creator of Ziegfeld Follies.
1885		Raoul Lufbery, French-born American fighter pilot of World War I.

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Today in History
March 20

1413		Henry IV of England is succeed by his son Henry V.
1739		In India, Nadir Shah of Persia occupies Delhi and takes possession of the Peacock throne.
1760		The Great Fire of Boston destroys 349 buildings.
1792		In Paris, the Legislative Assembly approves the use of the guillotine.
1815		Napoleon Bonaparte enters Paris and begins his 100-day rule.
1841		Edgar Allen Poe’s The Murders in the Rue Morgue, considered the first detective story, is published.
1852		Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published.
1906		Army officers in Russia mutiny at Sevastopol.
1915		The French call off the Champagne offensive on the Western Front.
1918		The Bolsheviks of the Soviet Union ask for American aid to rebuild their army.
1922		President Warren G. Harding orders U.S. troops back from the Rhineland.
1932		The German dirigible, Graf Zepplin, makes the first flight to South America on regular schedule.
1939		President Franklin D. Roosevelt names William O. Douglas to the Supreme Court.
1940		The British Royal Air Force conducts an all-night air raid on the Nazi airbase at Sylt, Germany.
1943		The Allies attack Field Marshall Erwin Rommel’s forces on the Mareth Line in North Africa.
1965		President Lyndon B. Johnson orders 4,000 troops to protect the Selma-Montgomery civil rights marchers.
1969		Senator Edward Kennedy calls on the United States to close all bases in Taiwan.
1976		Patty Hearst is convicted of armed robbery.
1982		U.S. scientists return from Antarctica with the first land mammal fossils found there.
1987		The United State approves AZT, a drug that is proven to slow the progress of AIDS.
Born on March 20
43BC		Ovid, Roman poet.
1811		Napoleon II, son of Napoleon Bonaparte, Duke of Reichstadt.
1828		Henrik Isben, Norwegian dramatist (Peer Gynt, Hedda Gabler).
1904		B.F. Skinner, American psychologist.
1917		Dame Vera Lynn , British singer.
1922		Raymond Walter Goulding, Radio comedian of Bob and Ray fame.
1925		John Ehrlichman, White House advisor to President Nixon.
1928		Fred Rogers, television performer (Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood).
1957		Shelton ‘Spike’ Lee, film director (Do the Right Thing, Malcolm X).

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Today in History
March 19

1687		The French explorer La Salle is murdered in by his own men while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi, along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
1702		On the death of William III of Orange, Anne Stuart, sister of Mary, succeeds to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
1822		Boston is incorporated as a city.
1879		Jim Currie opens fire on the actors Maurice Barrymore and Ben Porter near Marshall, Texas. His shots wound Barrymore and kill Porter.
1903		The U.S. Senate ratifies the Cuban treaty, gaining naval bases in Guantanamo and Bahia Honda.
1916		The First Aero Squadron takes off from Columbus, NM to join Gen. John J. Pershing and his Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa in Mexico.
1917		The Adamson Act, eight hour day for railroad workers, is ruled constitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
1918		Congress authorizes Daylight Savings Time.
1920		The U.S. Senate rejects the Versailles Treaty for the second time.
1924		U.S. troops are rushed to Tegucigalpa as rebel forces take the Honduran capital.
1931		The state of Nevada legalizes gambling.
1935		The British fire on 20,000 Muslims in India, killing 23.
1936		The Soviet Union signs a pact of assistance with Mongolia against Japan.
1944		The German 352nd Infantry Division deploys along the coast of France.
1945		Adolf Hitler orders a scorched-earth policy for his retreating German armies in the west and east.
1947		Chiang Kai-Shek’s government forces take control of Yenan, the former headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party.
1949		The Soviet People’s Council signs the constitution of the German Democratic Republic, and declares that the North Atlantic Treaty is merely a war weapon.
1963		In Costa Rica, President John F. Kennedy and six Latin American presidents pledge to fight Communism.
1977		Congo President Marien Ngouabi is killed by a suicide commando.
1981		One technician is killed and two others are injured during a routine test on space shuttle Columbia.
Born on March 19
1589		William Bradford, governor of Plymouth colony for 30 years.
1721		Tobias George Smollett, satirical author and physician (Roderick Random, Humphrey Clinker).
1813		David Livingston, explorer found by Arthur Stanley in Africa.
1821		Sir Richard Burton, English explorer.
1848		Wyatt Earp, U.S. marshal.
1849		Alfred von Tirpitz, Prussian admiral who commanded the German fleet in early World War I.
1860		William Jennings Bryan, orator, statesman, known as “The Great Communicator.”
1889		Sarah Gertrude Millina, South African writer (The Dark River, God’s Stepchildren).
1891		Earl Warren, governor of California, later 14th Supreme Court Chief Justice.
1904		John J. Sirica, U.S. Federal Judge who ruled on Watergate issues.
1906		Adolf Eichman, Nazi Gestapo officer.
1912		Adolf Galland, German Luftwaffe pilot.
1925		Brent Scrowcroft, Lt. Gen. (USAF), National Security Advisor to President George H.W. Bush.
1933		Phillip Roth, American novelist and short-story writer (Portnoy’s Complaint).

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Today in History
March 18

37		The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius’ will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
1692		William Penn is deprived of his governing powers.
1863		Confederate women riot in Salisbury, N.C. to protest the lack of flour and salt in the South.
1865		The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
1874		Hawaii signs a treaty giving exclusive trading rights with the islands to the United States.
1881		Barnum and Bailey’s Greatest Show on Earth opens in Madison Square Gardens.
1911		Theodore Roosevelt opens the Roosevelt Dam in Phoenix, Ariz., the largest dam in the United States to date.
1913		Greek King George I is killed by an assassin. Constantine I is to succeed.
1916		On the Eastern Front, the Russians counter the Verdun assault with an attack at Lake Naroch. The Russians lose 100,000 men and the Germans lose 20,000.
1917		The Germans sink the U.S. ships, City of Memphis, Vigilante and the Illinois, without any type of warning.
1922		Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience in India.
1939		Georgia finally ratifies the Bill of Rights, 150 years after the birth of the federal government. Connecticut and Massachusetts, the only other states to hold out, also ratify the Bill of Rights in this year.
1942		The third military draft begins in the United States.
1943		Adolf Hitler calls off the offensive in the Caucasus.
1943		American forces take Gafsa in Tunisia.
1944		The Russians reach the Rumanian border.
1950		Nationalist troops land on the mainland of China and capture Communist-held Sungmen.
1953		The Braves baseball team announces that they are moving from Boston to Milwaukee.
1965		Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the first man to spacewalk when he exits his Voskhod 2 space capsule while in orbit around the Earth.
1969		President Richard M. Nixon authorizes Operation Menue, the’secret’ bombing of Cambodia.
1970		The U.S. Postal Service is paralyzed by the first postal strike.
1971		U.S. helicopters airlift 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers out of Laos.
1975		South Vietnam abandons most of the Central Highlands to North Vietnamese forces.
1981		The United States discloses biological weapons tests in Texas in 1966.
1986		Buckingham Palace announces the engagement of Prince Andrew to Sarah Ferguson.
Born on March 18
1782		John C. Calhoun, U.S. statesman.
1837		Stephen Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (1885-1889 and 1893-1897), the only U.S. president elected for two nonconsecutive terms.
1842		Stephane Mallarme, French symbolist poet.
1858		Rudolf Diesel, German engineer who designed the compression-ignition engine.
1869		Neville Chamberlin, British Prime Minister (1937-40).
1893		Wilfred Owen, World War I poet.
1932		John Updike, American poet and novelist.
1936		Frederik W. deKlerk, President of the Republic of South Africa.

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Today in History
March 17

1766		Britain repeals the Stamp Act.
1776		British forces evacuate from Boston to Nova Scotia.
1799		Napoleon Bonaparte and his army reach Mediterranean seaport of St. Jean d’Acra, only to find British warships ready to break his siege of the town.
1868		The first postage stamp canceling machine patent is issued.
1884		John Joseph Montgomery makes the first glider flight in Otay, Calif.
1886		Twenty African Americans are killed in the Carrollton Massacre in Mississippi.
1891		The British steamer Utopia sinks off the coast of Gibraltar.
1905		Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, niece of President Theodore Roosevelt, marries Franklin D. Roosevelt in New York.
1910		The Camp Fire Girls are founded in Lake Sebago, Maine.
1914		Russia increases the number of active duty military from 460,000 to 1,700,000.
1924		Four Douglas army aircraft leave Los Angeles for an around the world flight.
1930		Mob boss Al Capone is released from jail.
1942		The Nazis begin deporting Jews to the Belsen camp.
1944		The U.S. Eighth Air Force bombs Vienna.
1959		The Dalai Lama flees Tibet and goes to India.
1961		The United States increases military aid and technicians to Laos.
1962		The Soviet Union asks the United States to pull out of South Vietnam.
1966		A U.S. submarine locates a missing H-bomb in the Mediterranean.
1970		The Army charges 14 officers with suppression of facts in the My Lai massacre case.
1972		Nixon asks Congress to halt busing in order to achieve desegregation.
1973		Twenty are killed in Cambodia when a bomb goes off that was meant for the Cambodian President Lon Nol.
1973		First POWs are released from the “Hanoi Hilton” in Hanoi, North Vietnam.
1985		President Ronald Reagan agrees to a joint study with Canada on acid rain.
1992		White South Africans approve constitutional reforms giving legal equality to blacks.
Born on March 17
1828		Patrick R. Cleburne, Confederate general.
1832		Daniel Conway Moncure, U.S. clergyman, author, abolitionist
1846		Kate Greenway, painter and illustrator (Mother Goose).
1902		Bobby Jones, American golfer.
1919		Nat “King” Cole, American jazz pianist and singer.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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37		On a trip to the Italian mainland from his home on Capreae, the emperor Tiberius dies on the Bay of Naples.
1190		The Crusades begin the massacre of Jews in York, England.
1527		The Emperor Babur defeats the Rajputs at the Battle of Kanvaha, removing the main Hindu rivals in Northern India.
1621		The first Indian appears to colonists in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
1833		Susan Hayhurst becomes the first woman to graduate from a pharmacy college.
1850		Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is published.
1865		Union troops push past Confederate blockers at the Battle of Averasborough, N.C.
1907		The British cruiser Invincible, the world’s largest, is completed at Glasgow shipyards.
1913		The 15,000-ton battleship Pennsylvania is launched at Newport News, Va.
1917		Russian Czar Nicholas II abdicates his throne.
1926		Physicist Robert H. Goddard launches the first liquid-fuel rocket.
1928		The United States plans to send 1,000 more Marines to Nicaragua.
1935		Adolf Hitler orders a German rearmament and violates the Versailles Treaty.
1939		Germany occupies the rest Czechoslovakia.
1945		Iwo Jima is declared secure by U.S. forces although small pockets of Japanese resistance still exist.
1954		CBS introduces The Morning Show hosted by Walter Cronkite to compete with NBC’s Today Show.
1964		President Lyndon B. Johnson submits a $1 billion war on poverty program to Congress.
1968		U.S. troops in Vietnam destroy a village consisting mostly of women and children, the action is remembered as the My-Lai massacre.
1984		Mozambique and South Africa sign a pact banning support for one another’s internal foes.
1985		Associated Press newsman, Terry Anderson is taken hostage in Beirut.
Born on March 16
1751		James Madison, fourth President of the United States (1809-17).
1789		George S. Ohm, German physicist.
1822		Rosa Bonheur, French painter and sculptor.
1822		John Pope, Union general in the American Civil War.
1861		Maxim Gorky, Russian dramatist
1912		Thelma Catherine Patricia Ryan Nixon, first lady to President Richard Nixon.
1926		Jerry Lewis, American comedian and film actor.

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Today in History
March 14

1629		A Royal charter is granted to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1743		First American town meeting is held at Boston’s Faneuil Hall.
1757		British Admiral John Byng is executed by a firing squad on board HMS Monarch for neglect of duty.
1794		Inventor Eli Whitney receives a patent for his cotton gin.
1900		United States currency goes on the gold standard.
1903		The Senate ratifies the Hay-Herran Treaty, guaranteeing the United states the right to build a canal in Panama.
1912		An anarchist named Antonio Dalba unsuccessfully attempts to kill Italy’s King Victor Emmanuel III in Rome.
1915		The British Navy sinks the German battleship Dresden off the Chilean coast.
1918		An all-Russian Congress of Soviets ratifies a peace treaty with the Central Powers.
1923		President Warren G. Harding becomes the first U.S. President to file an income tax report.
1936		Adolf Hitler tells a crowd of 300,000 that Germany’s only judge is God and itself.
1939		The Nazis dissolve the republic of Czechoslovakia.
1943		The Germans reoccupy Kharkov in the Soviet Union.
1947		The United States signs a 99-year lease on naval bases in the Philippines.
1951		U.N. forces recapture Seoul for the second time during the Korean War.
1954		The Viet Minh launch an assault against the French Colonial Forces at Dien Bien Phu.
1964		A Dallas jury finds Jack Ruby guilty of the murder of assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
1967		John F. Kennedy’s body is moved from a temporary grave to a permanent one in Arlington Cemetery.
1978		An Israeli force of 22,000 invades south Lebanon, hitting the PLO bases.
1990		Mikhail S. Gorbachev becomes president of the Soviet Congress.
1991		The “Birmingham Six,” imprisoned for 16 years for their alleged part in an IRA pub bombing, are set free after a court agrees that the police fabricated evidence.
Born on March 14
1804		Johann Strauss, violinist and composer.
1833		Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first woman dentist.
1854		Paul Ehrlich, German bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize for medicine.
1864		Casey Jones, railroad engineer.
1879		Albert Einstein, German-born mathematician best known for his theories on relativity.
1934		Eugene Cernan, American astronaut, the last man on the moon.

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Today in History
March 13

483		St. Felix begins his reign as Catholic Pope.
607		The 12th recorded passage of Halley’s Comet occurs.
1519		Hernando Cortez lands in what will become Mexico.
1660		A statute is passed limiting the sale of slaves in the colony of Virginia.
1777		Congress orders its European envoys to appeal to high-ranking foreign officers to send troops to reinforce the American army.
1781		Astronomer William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus, which he names ‘Georgium Sidus,’ in honor of King George III.
1793		Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin.
1861		Jefferson Davis signs a bill authorizing slaves to be used as soldiers for the Confederacy.
1868		The U.S. Senate begins the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson.
1881		Czar Alexander II is assassinated when a bomb is thrown at him near his palace.
1915		The Germans repel a British Expeditionary Force attack at the battle of Neuve Chapelle in France.
1918		Women are scheduled to march in the St. Patrick’s Day Parade in New York due to a shortage of men.
1935		A three-thousand-year-old archive is found in Jerusalem confirming biblical history.
1940		Finland capitulates conditionally to Soviet terms, but maintains its independence.
1941		Hitler issues an edict calling for an invasion of the Soviet Union.
1942		Julia Flikke of the Nurse Corps becomes the first woman colonel in the U.S. Army.
1943		Japanese forces end their attack on the American troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville.
1951		Israel demands $1.5 billion in German reparations for the cost of caring for war refugees.
1957		The FBI arrests Jimmy Hoffa on bribery charges.
1963		China invites Soviet Premiere Nikita Khrushchev to visit Beijing.
1970		Cambodia orders Hanoi and Viet Cong troops to get out.
1974		The U.S. Senate votes 54-33 to restore the death penalty.
1974		Arab nations decide to end the oil embargo on the United States.
1981		The United States plans to send 15 Green Berets to El Salvador as military advisors.
1985		Upon the death of Konstantin Chernenko, Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the new leader of the Soviet Union.
1991		Exxon pays $1 billion in fines and costs for the clean-up of the Alaskan oil spill.
Born on March 13
1615		Innocent XII, Roman Catholic Pope
1733		Joseph Priestly, scientist credited with the discovery of oxygen.
1764		Charles Earl Grey, British Prime Minister
1798		Abigail Powers Fillmore, First Lady and wife of Millard Fillmore
1855		Percival Lowell, astronomer who predicted the discovery of the planet Pluto.
1886		Albert William Stevens, balloonist and photographer.
1892		Janet Flanner, writer (“Letter from Paris”).
1900		George Seferis, Greek poet.

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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Today in History
March12

1496		The Jews are expelled from Syria.
1507		Cesare Borgia dies while fighting alongside his brother, the king of Navarre, in Spain.
1609		The Bermuda Islands become an English colony.
1664		New Jersey becomes a British colony.
1789		The United States Post Office is established.
1809		Great Britain signs a treaty with Persia forcing the French out of the country.
1863		President Jefferson Davis delivers his State of the Confederacy address.
1879		The British Zulu War begins.
1884		Mississippi establishes the first U.S. state college for women.
1894		Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the first time.
1903		The Czar of Russia issues a decree providing for nominal freedom of religion throughout the land.
1909		British Parliament increases naval appropriations for Great Britain.
1911		Dr. Fletcher of the Rockefeller Institute discovers the cause of infantile paralysis.
1912		Juliet Low founds the Girl Scouts in Savannah, Georgia.
1917		Russian troops mutiny as the “February Revolution” begins.
1930		Gandhi begins his march to the sea to symbolizes his defiance of British rule in India.
1933		President Paul von Hindenburg drops the flag of the German Republic and orders that the swastika and empire banner be flown side by side.
1933		President Roosevelt makes the first of his Sunday evening fireside chats.
1938		German troops enter Austria without firing a shot, forming the anschluss (union)of Austria and Germany.
1939		Pius XII is elected the new pope in Rome.
1944		Great Britain bars all travel to neutral Ireland, which is suspected of collaborating with Nazi Germany.
1945		Diarist Anne Frank dies in a German concentration camp.
1959		The U.S. House of Representatives joins the Senate in approving the statehood of Hawaii.
1984		Lebanese President Gemayel opens the second meeting in five years calling for the end to nine-years of war.
1985		The United States and the Soviet Union begin arms control talks in Geneva.
1994		The Church of England ordains women priests.
Born on March 12
1554		Richard Hooker, English theologian (Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity).
1858		Adolph Simon Ochs, publisher of The New York Times.
1862		Jane Delano, nurse, teacher, founder of the Red Cross.
1890		Vasav Nijinsky, Russian ballet dancer.
1922		Jack Kerouac, American novelist (On the Road).
1928		Edward Albee, American dramatist (Who’s Afraid of Virginia Wolf).
1946		Patricia Hampl, poet and memoirist (A Romantic Education, Virgin Time).

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Today in History,  March 11

537		The Goths lay siege to Rome.
1649		The peace of Rueil is signed between the Frondeurs (rebels) and the French government.
1665		A new legal code is approved for the Dutch and English towns, guaranteeing religious observances unhindered.
1702		The Daily Courant, the first regular English newspaper is published.
1810		The Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte is married by proxy to Archduchess Marie Louise.
1811		Ned Ludd leads a group of workers in a wild protest against mechanization.
1824		The U.S. War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Seneca Indian Ely Parker becomes the first Indian to lead the Bureau.
1845		Seven hundred Maoris led by their chief, Hone-Heke, burn the small town of Kororareka in protest at the settlement of Maoriland by Europeans, in breach with the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.
1861		A Confederate Convention is held in Montgomery, Ala., where the new constitution is adopted.
1863		Union troops under General Ulysess S. Grant give up their preparations to take Vicksburg after failing to pass Fort Pemberton, north of Vicksburg.
1865		Union General William Sherman and his forces occupy Fayetteville, N.C.
1888		A disastrous blizzard hits the northeastern United States. Some 400 people die, mainly from exposure.
1900		British Prime Minister Lord Salisbury rejects the peace overtures offered from Boer leader Paul Kruger.
1905		The Parisian subway is officially inaugurated.
1907		President Teddy Roosevelt induces California to revoke its anti-Japanese legislation.
1930		President Howard Taft becomes the first U.S. president to be buried in the National Cemetery in Arlington, Va.
1935		The German Air Force becomes an official organ of the Reich.
1941		President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizes the Lend-Lease Act which authorizes the act of giving war supplies to the Allies.
1942		General Douglas MacArthur leaves Bataan for Australia.
1965		The American navy begins inspecting Vietnamese junks in hopes of ending arms smuggling to the South.
1966		Three men are convicted of the murder of Malcolm X.
1969		Levi-Strauss starts to sell bell-bottomed jeans.
1973		An FBI agent is shot at Wounded Knee in South Dakota.
1985		Mikhail Gorbachev is named the new Soviet leader.
1990		Lithuania declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
Born on March 11
1731		Robert Treat Paine, Declaration of Independence signer
1860		Thomas Hastings, architect of the New York Public Library.
1885		Sir Michael Campbell, the first motorist to exceed 300 mph.
1899		Frederick IX, King of Denmark
1908		Lawrence Welk, orchestra leader.
1926		Ralph David Abernathy, civil rights leader, associate of Dr. King.
1952		Douglas Adams, British writer, (The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History: March 9, 2015

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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Today in History
March 9

1617		The Treaty of Stolbovo ends the occupation of Northern Russia by Swedish troops.
1734		The Russians take Danzig (Gdansk) in Poland.
1788		Connecticut becomes the 5th state.
1796		Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnais in Paris, France.
1812		Swedish Pomerania is seized by Napoleon.
1820		Congress passes the Land Act, paving the way for westward expansion.
1839		The French Academy of Science announces the Daguerreotype photo process.
1841		The rebel slaves who seized a Spanish slave ship, the Amistad, in 1839 are freed by the Supreme Court despite Spanish demands for extradition.
1862		The first and last battle between the ironclads U.S.S. Monitor and C.S.S. Virginia ends in a draw.
1864		General Ulysses Grant is appointed commander-in-chief of the Union forces.
1911		The funding for five new battleships is added to the British military defense budget.
1915		The Germans take Grondno on the Eastern Front.
1916		Mexican bandit Pancho Villa leads 1,500 horsemen on a raid of Columbus, N.M. killing 17 U.S. soldiers and citizens.
1932		Eamon De Valera is elected president of the Irish Free State and pledges to abolish all loyalty to the British Crown.
1936		The German press warns that all Jews who vote in the upcoming elections will be arrested.
1939		Czech President Emil Hacha ousts pro-German Joseph Tiso as the Premier of Slovakia in order to preserve Czech unity.
1940		Britain frees captured Italian coal ships on the eve of German Foreign Minister, Ribbentrop’s visit to Rome.
1956		British authorities arrest and deport Archbishop Makarios from Cyprus. He is accused of supporting terrorists.
1957		Egyptian leader Nasser bars U.N. plans to share the tolls for the use of the Suez Canal.
1959		The Barbie doll is unveiled at a toy fair in New York City.
1964		The first Ford Mustang rolls off the Ford assembly line.
1967		Svetlana Alliluyeva, Josef Stalin’s daughter defects to the United States.
1968		General William Westmoreland asks for 206,000 more troops in Vietnam.
1975		Iraq launches an offensive against the rebellious Kurds.
1986		Navy divers find the crew compartment of the space shuttle Challenger along with the remains of the astronauts.
Born on March 9
1451		Amerigo Vespucci, Italian navigator.
1824		Leland Stanford, railroad builder, founder of Stanford University.
1890		Vyacheslav Molotov, former Soviet Prime Minister.
1892		Vita Sackville-West, writer.
1905		Peter Quennell, biographer.
1910		Samuel Barber, American composer (“Adagio for Strings,” Vanessa).
1918		Frank Morrison Spillane [Mickey Spillane], crime writer (Kiss Me, Deadly, The Erection Set).
1930		Ornette Coleman, jazz saxophonist.
1934		Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, the first man to orbit the Earth.
1943		Bobby Fischer, first American world chess champion.
1947		Keri Hulme, New Zealand novelist (The Bone People).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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March 7

322 BC		The Greek philosopher Aristotle dies.
161		On the death of Antoninus at Lorium, Marcus Aurelius becomes emperor.
1774		The British close the port of Boston to all commerce.
1799		In Palestine, Napoleon captures Jaffa and his men massacre more than 2,000 Albanian prisoners.
1809		Aeronaut Jean Pierre Blanchard — the first person to make the an aerial voyage in the New World — died on March 7, 1809, at the age of 56.
1838		Soprano Jenny Lind (“the Swedish Nightingale”) makes her debut in Weber’s opera Der Freischultz.
1847		U.S. General Winfield Scott occupies Vera Cruz, Mexico.
1849		The Austrian Reichstag is dissolved.
1862		Confederate forces surprise the Union army at the Battle of Pea Ridge, in Arkansas, but the Union is victorious.
1876		Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for the telephone.
1904		The Japanese bomb the Russian town of Vladivostok.
1906		Finland becomes the third country to give women the right to vote, decreeing universal suffrage for all citizens over 24, however, barring those persons who are supported by the state.
1912		French aviator, Heri Seimet flies non-stop from London to Paris in three hours.
1918		Finland signs an alliance treaty with Germany.
1925		The Soviet Red Army occupies Outer Mongolia.
1927		A Texas law that bans Negroes from voting is ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
1933		The board game Monopoly is invented.
1933		The film King Kong premieres in New York City.
1935		Malcolm Campbell sets an auto speed record of 276.8 mph in Florida.
1936		Hitler sends German troops into the Rhineland, violating the Locarno Pact.
1942		Japanese troops land on New Guinea.
1951		U.N. forces in Korea under General Matthew Ridgeway launch Operation Ripper, an offensive to straighten out the U.N. front lines against the Chinese.
1968		The Battle of Saigon, begun on the day of the Tet Offensive, ends.
1971		A thousand U.S. planes bomb Cambodia and Laos.
1979		Voyager 1 reaches Jupiter.
Born on March 7
1707		Stephen Hopkins, signer of the Declaration of Independence.
1872		Piet Mondrian, Dutch abstract painter, leader of the movement known as “de Stijl.”
1875		Maurice Ravel, composer (“Bolero”).
1887		Helen Parkhurst, educator, developed a technique later known as the Dalton Plan.
1904		Reinhard Heydrich, German SS leader and architect of the “Final Solution.”
1907		Rolf Jacobsen, Norwegian poet.
1908		Anna Magnani, Italian actress.

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March 5

1624		Class-based legislation is passed in the colony of Virginia, exempting the upper class from punishment by whipping.
1766		Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
1793		Austrian troops crush the French and recapture Liege.
1821		James Monroe becomes the first president to be inaugurated on March 5, only because the 4th was a Sunday.
1905		Russians begin to retreat from Mukden in Manchuria, China.
1912		The Italians become the first to use dirigibles for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance flights behind Turkish lines west of Tripoli.
1918		The Soviets move the capital of Russia from Petrograd to Moscow.
1928		Hitler’s National Socialists win the majority vote in Bavaria.
1933		Newly inaugurated President Franklin D. Roosevelt halts the trading of gold and declares a bank holiday.
1933		Hitler and Nationalist allies win the Reichstag majority. It will be the last free election in Germany until after World War II.
1943		In desperation due to war losses, fifteen and sixteen year olds are called up for military service in the German army.
1946		In Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill tells a crowd that “an iron curtain has descended on the Continent [of Europe].”
1956		The U.S. Supreme Court affirms the ban on segregation in public schools in Brown vs. Board of Education.
1969		Gustav Heinemann is elected West German President.
1976		Britain gives up on the Ulster talks and decides to retain rule in Northern Ireland indefinitely.
1984		The U.S. Supreme Court rules that cities have the right to display the Nativity scene as part of their Christmas display.
Born on March 5
1326		Louis I (the Great), King of Hungary.
1574		William Oughtred, mathematician and inventor of the slide rule.
1824		Elisha Harris, U.S. physician and founder of the American Public Health Association.
1824		James Merritt Ives, lithographer for Currier and Ives.
1853		Howard Pyle, writer and illustrator (The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood).
1870		Frank Norris, novelist (McTeague, The Octopus).
1887		Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazillian composer.
1908		Rex Harrison, actor.
1938		Lynn Margulis, biologist.
1948		Leslie Marmon Silko, writer (Ceremony).

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February 28

1066		Westminster Abbey, the most famous church in England, opens its doors.
1574		On the orders of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, two Englishmen and an Irishman are burnt for heresy.
1610		Thomas West is appointed governor of Virginia.
1704		Indians attack Deerfield, Mass. killing 40 and kidnapping 100.
1847		Colonel Alexander Doniphan and his ragtag Missouri Mounted Volunteers ride to victory at the Battle of Sacramento, during the Mexican War.
1861		The territory of Colorado is established.
1900		After a 119-day siege by the Boers, the surrounded British troops in Ladysmith, South Africa, are relieved.
1863		Four Union gunboats destroy the CSS Nashville near Fort McAllister, Georgia.
1916		Haiti becomes the first U.S. protectorate.
1924		U.S. troops are sent to Honduras to protect American interests during an election conflict.
1936		The Japanese Army restores order in Tokyo and arrests officers involved in a coup.
1945		U.S. tanks break the natural defense line west of the Rhine and cross the Erft River.
1946		The U.S. Army declares that it will use V-2 rocket to test radar as an atomic rocket defense system.
1953		Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia sign a 5-year defense pact in Ankara.
1967		In Mississippi, 19 are indicted in the slayings of three civil rights workers.
1969		A Los Angeles court refuses Robert Kennedy assassin Sirhan Sirhan’s request to be executed.
1971		The male electorate in Lichtenstein refuses to give voting rights to women.
1994		U.S. warplanes shoot down four Serb aircraft over Bosnia in the first NATO use of force in the troubled area.
Born on February 28
1533		Michel de Montaigne, French moralist who created the personal essay.
1820		John Tenniel, illustrator of various books (Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland).
1824		Charles Blondin, tightrope walker.
1894		Ben Hecht, writer.
1901		Linus Pauling, Nobel Prize-winning American chemist.
1909		Stephen Spender, English poet, critic.
1911		Denis Burkitt, British medical researcher.
1926		Svetlana Stalin, daughter of Josef Stalin.

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February 21

1595		The Jesuit poet Robert Southwell is hanged for “treason” being a Catholic.
1631		Michael Romanov, son of the Patriarch of Moscow, is elected Russian Tsar.
1744		The British blockade of Toulon is broken by 27 French and Spanish warships attacking 29 British ships.
1775		As troubles with Great Britain increase, colonists in Massachusetts vote to buy military equipment for 15,000 men.
1797		Trinidad, West Indies surrenders to the British.
1828		The first issue of the Cherokee Phoenix is printed, both in English and in the newly invented Cherokee alphabet.
1849		In the Second Sikh War, Sir Hugh Gough’s well placed guns win a victory over a Sikh force twice the size of his at Gujerat on the Chenab River, assuring British control of the Punjab for years to come.
1862		The Texas Rangers win a Confederate victory in the Battle of Val Verde, New Mexico.
1878		The world’s first telephone book is issued by the New Haven Connecticut Telephone Company containing the names of its 50 subscribers.
1885		The Washington Monument is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
1905		The Mukden campaign of the Russo-Japanese War, begins.
1916		The battle of Verdun begins with an unprecedented German artillery barrage of the French lines.
1940		The Germans begin construction of a concentration camp at Auschwitz.
1944		Hideki Tojo becomes chief of staff of the Japanese army.
1949		Nicaragua and Costa Rica sign a friendship treaty ending hostilities over their borders.
1951		The U. S. Eighth Army launches Operation Killer, a counterattack to push Chinese forces north of the Han River in Korea.
1956		A grand jury in Montgomery, Alabama indicts 115 in a Negro bus boycott.
1960		Havana places all Cuban industry under direct control of the government.
1965		El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Malcom X) is assassinated in front of 400 people.
1972		Richard Nixon arrives in Beijing, China, becoming the first U.S. president to visit a country not diplomatically recognized by the U.S.
1974		A report claims that the use of defoliants by the U.S. has scarred Vietnam for a century.
Born on February 21
1794		Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Mexican Revolutionary.
1801		John Henry Newman, English theologian and writer.
1821		Charles Scribner, founded the publishing firm which became Charles Scribner’s Sons and also founded Scribner’s magazine.
1893		Andés Segovia, Spanish classical guitarist.
1907		W.H. Auden, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet (The Age of Anxiety).
1920		Robert S. Johnson, American World War II fighter ace who shot down 27 German planes.
1927		Erma Bombeck, author and humorist (The Grass is Always Greener Over the Septic Tank).

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February 16

1760		Cherokee Indians held hostage at Fort St. George are killed in revenge for Indian attacks on frontier settlements.
1804		US Navy lieutenant Steven Decatur leads a small group of sailors into Tripoli harbor and burns the USS Philadelphia, captured earlier by Barbary pirates.
1862		Fort Donelson, Tennessee, falls to Grant’s Federal forces, but not before Nathan Bedford Forrest escapes.
1865		Columbia, South Carolina, surrenders to Federal troops.
1923		Bessie Smith makes her first recording “Down Hearted Blues.”
1934		Thousands of Socialists battle Communists at a rally in New York’s Madison Square Garden.
1937		Dupont patents a new thread, nylon, which will replace silk in a number of products and reduce costs.
1940		The British destroyer HMS Cossack rescues British seamen from a German prison ship, the Altmark, in a Norwegian fjord.
1942		Tojo outlines Japan’s war aims to the Diet, referring to “new order of coexistence” in East Asia.
1945		American paratroopers land on Corregidor, in a campaign to liberate the Philippines.
1951		Stalin contends the U.N. is becoming the weapon of aggressive war.
1952		The FBI arrests 10 members of the Ku Klux Klan in North Carolina.
1957		A U.S. flag flies over an outpost in Wilkes Land, Antarctica.
1959		Fidel Castro takes the oath as Cuban premier in Havana.
1965		Four persons are held in a plot to blow up the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Bell and the Washington Monument.
1966		The World Council of Churches being held in Geneva, urges immediate peace in Vietnam.
1978		China and Japan sign a $20 billion trade pact, which is the most important move since the 1972 resumption of diplomatic ties.
Born on February 16
1620		Frederick William, founder of Brandenburg-Prussia.
1838		Henry Adams, U.S. historian, son and grandson of the presidents.
1852		Charles Taze Russell, founder of the International Bible Students Association which later became the Jehovah’s Witnesses.
1845		Quinton Hogg, English philanthropist.
1886		Van Wyck Brooks, biographer, critic and literary historian.
1903		Edgar Bergen, ventriloquist and radio comedian.
1904		George Kennan, U.S. diplomat and historian.
1944		Richard Ford, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist (The Sportswriter, Independence Day).

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February 13

167		Polycarp, a disciple of St. John and bishop of Smyrna, is martyred on the west coast of Asia Minor.
1542		Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII, is beheaded for adultery.
1689		British Parliament adopts the Bill of Rights.
1692		In the Glen Coe highlands of Scotland, thirty-eight members of the MacDonald clan are murdered by soldiers of the neighboring Campbell clan for not pledging allegiance to William of Orange. Ironically the pledge had been made but not communicated to the clans. The event is remembered as the Massacre of Glencoe.
1862		The four day Battle of Fort Donelson, Tennessee, begins.
1865		The Confederacy approves the recruitment of slaves as soldiers, as long as the approval of their owners is gained.
1866		Jesse James holds up his first bank.
1914		The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) is founded.
1936		First social security checks are put in the mail.
1945		The Royal Air Force Bomber Command devastates the German city of Dresden with night raids by 873 heavy bombers. The attacks are joined by 521 American heavy bombers flying daylight raids.
1949		A mob burns a radio station in Ecuador after the broadcast of H.G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds.”
1951		At the Battle of Chipyong-ni, in Korea, U.N. troops contain the Chinese forces’ offensive in a two-day battle.
1953		The Pope asks the United States to grant clemency to convicted spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
1968		The United States sends 10,500 more combat troops to Vietnam.
1970		General Motors is reportedly redesigning automobiles to run on unleaded fuel.
1972		Enemy attacks in Vietnam decline for the third day as the United States continues its intensive bombing strategy.
1984		Konstantin Chernenko is selected to succeed Yuri Andropov as Party General Secretary in the Soviet Union.
Born on February 13
1599		Alexander VII, Roman Catholic Pope.
1682		Giovanni Piazzetta, painter (Fortune Teller).
1764		Charles de Talleyrand, Napoleon’s foreign minister.
1849		Lord Randolph Churchill, English politician, Winston Churchill’s father and member of Parliament.
1873		Feodor Chaliapin, opera singer.
1892		Grant Wood, painter (American Gothic).
1902		Georges Simenon, novelist.
1910		William B. Shockley, physicist, co-inventor of the transistor.
1919		Tennessee Ernie Ford, country and gospel singer.
1922		Harold “Hal” Moore Jr., US Army lieutenant general, author; led 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment at 1965 Battle of Ia Drang Valley; his best-known book, co-authored with combat journalist Joe Galloway, is “We Were Soldiers Once . . . And Young,” an account of that battle.
1923		Charles “Chuck” Yeager, American test pilot, the first man to break the sound barrier.
1933		Kim Novak, actress.

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Today In History: What Happened This Day In History (Tuesday, February 10, 2015)

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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February 10

1258		Huegu, a Mongol leader, seizes Baghdad, bringing and end to the Abbasid caliphate.
1620		Supporters of Marie de Medici, the queen mother, who has been exiled to Blois, are defeated by the king’s troops at Ponts de Ce, France.
1763		The Treaty of Paris ends the French-Indian War. France gives up all her territories in the New World except New Orleans and a few scattered islands.
1799		Napoleon Bonaparte leaves Cairo, Egypt, for Syria, at the head of 13,000 men.
1814		Napoleon personally directs lightning strikes against enemy columns advancing toward Paris, beginning with a victory over the Russians at Champaubert.
1840		Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert.
1846		Led by religious leader Brigham Young, the first Mormons begin a long westward exodus from Nauvoo, Il., to Utah.
1863		P.T. Barnum’s star midgets, Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren, are married.
1904		Russia and Japan declare war on each other.
1915		President Wilson blasts the British for using the U.S. flag on merchant ships to deceive the Germans.
1939		Japanese occupy island of Hainan in French Indochina.
1941		London severs diplomatic relations with Romania.
1941		Iceland is attacked by German planes.
1942		The war halts civilian car production at Ford.
1945		B-29s hit the Tokyo area.
1955		Bell Aircraft displays a fixed-wing vertical takeoff plane.
1960		Adolph Coors, the beer brewer, is kidnapped in Golden, Colo.
1966		Protester David Miller is convicted of burning his draft card.
1979		The Metropolitan Museum announces the first major theft in 110-year history, $150,000 Greek marble head.
1986		The largest Mafia trial in history, with 474 defendants, opens in Palermo, Italy.
Born on February 10
1890		Boris Pasternak, Russian novelist and poet (Dr. Zhivago).  (Listen to Doctor Zhivago, by Boris Pastenak on euzicasa! just click on the shortcut above!)
1893		Jimmy Durante, American comedian and film actor.
1894		Harold MacMillan, British prime minister (1957-1963).
1897		John F. Enders, virologist.
1898		Bertolt Brecht, German poet and dramatist (The Threepenny Opera).
1901		Stella Adler, actress and teacher.
1902		Walter Brattain, physicist, one of the inventors of the transistor.
1910		Dominique Georges Pire, Belgian cleric and educator.
1914		Larry Adler, harmonica virtuoso.
1920		Alex Comfort, English physician and author (Joy of Sex).
1927		(Mary Violet) Leontyne Price, opera singer.

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February 2

962		Otto I invades Italy and is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1032		Conrad II claims the throne of France.
1494		Columbus begins the practice using Indians as slaves.
1571		All eight members of a Jesuit mission in Virginia are murdered by Indians who pretended to be their friends.
1626		Charles I is crowned King of England. Fierce internal struggles between the monarchy and Parliament characterized 17th century English politics.
1848		The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo formally ends the Mexican War.
1865		Confederate raider William Quantrill and his bushwackers rob citizens, burn a railroad depot and steal horses from Midway, Kentucky.
1870		The press agencies Havas, Reuter and Wolff sign an agreement whereby between them they can cover the whole world.
1876		The National Baseball League is founded with eight teams.
1900		Six cities, Boston, Detroit, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Chicago and St. Louis agree to form baseball’s American League.
1901		Mexican government troops are badly beaten by Yaqui Indians.
1916		U.S. Senate votes independence for Philippines, effective in 1921.
1921		Airmail service opens between New York and San Francisco. Airmail’s First Day.
1934		Alfred Rosenberg is made philosophical chief of the Nazi Party.
1939		Hungary breaks relations with the Soviet Union.
1943		Last of the German strongholds at Stalingrad surrender to the Red army.
1944		The Germans stop an Allied attack at Anzio, Italy.
1945		Some 1,200 Royal Air Force planes blast Wiesbaden and Karlsruhe.
1948		The United States and Italy sign a pact of friendship, commerce and navigation.
1959		Arlington and Norfolk, Va., peacefully desegregate public schools.
1960		The U.S. Senate approves 23rd Amendment calling for a ban on the poll tax.
1972		The Winter Olympics begin in Sapporo, Japan.
1978		U.S. Jewish leaders bar a meeting with Egypt’s Anwar Sadat.
1987		Largest steel strike in American history, in progress since August, ends.
Born on February 2
1754		Charles Maurice de Tallyrand-Perigord, minister of foreign affairs for Napoleon I, who represented France brilliantly at the Congress of Vienna.
1882		James Joyce, Irish novelist and poet (Ulysses, Portrait of a Young Man).
1890		Charles Correl, radio performer.
1895		George Halas, National Football League co-founder.

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A Timeline Of Events That Occurred On This Day In History

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February 1

1327		Edward III is coronated King of England.
1587		Elizabeth I, Queen of England, signs the Warrant of Execution for Mary Queen of Scots.
1633		The tobacco laws of Virginia are codified, limiting tobacco production to reduce dependence on a single-crop economy.
1793		France declares war on Britain and the Netherlands.
1861		A furious Governor Sam Houston storms out of a legislative session upon learning that Texas has voted 167-7 to secede from the Union.
1902		U.S. Secretary of State John Hay protests Russian privileges in China as a violation of the “open door policy.”
1905		Germany contests French rule in Morocco.
1909		U.S. troops leave Cuba after installing Jose Miguel Gomez as president.
1930		A Loening Air Yacht of Air Ferries makes its first passenger run between San Francisco and Oakland, California..
1942		Planes of the U.S. Pacific fleet attack Japanese bases in the Marshall and Gilbert Islands.
1943		American tanks and infantry are battered at German positions at Fais pass in North Africa.
1944		U.S. Army troops invade two Kwajalein Islands in the Pacific.
1945		U.S. Rangers and Filipino guerrillas rescue 513 American survivors of the Bataan Death March.
1951		Third A-bomb tests are completed in the desert of Nevada.
1960		Four black students stage a sit-in at a segregated Greensboro, N.C. lunch counter.
1964		President Lyndon B. Johnson rejects Charles de Gaulle‘s plan for a neutral Vietnam.
1965		Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and 770 others are arrested in protest against voter discrimination in Alabama.
1968		U.S. troops drive the North Vietnamese out of Tan Son Nhut airport in Saigon.
1968		South Vietnam President Nguyen Van Thieu declares martial law.
1986		Two days of anti-government riots in Port-au-Prince result in 14 dead.
Born on February 1
1552		Sir Edward Coke, English jurist who helped the development of English law with his arguments for the supremacy of common law over royal prerogative.
1878		Hattie Caraway, first woman elected to the U.S. Senate.
1901		Clark Gable, American film actor (Mutiny on the Bounty, Gone With the Wind).
1902		Langston Hughes, African-American poet
1931		Boris Yeltsin, The first president of the Republic of Russia and prime minister of the Russian Federation.

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January 29

1813		Jane Austin publishes Pride and Prejudice.
1861		Kansas is admitted into the Union as the 34th state.
1865		William Quantrill and his Confederate raiders attack Danville, Kentucky.
1918		The Supreme Allied Council meets at Versailles.
1926		Violette Neatley Anderson becomes the first African-American woman admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court.
1929		The Seeing Eye, America’s first school for training dogs to guide the blind, founded in Nashville, Tennessee.
1931		Winston Churchill resigns as Stanley Baldwin’s aide.
1942		German and Italian troops take Benghazi in North Africa.
1944		The world’s greatest warship, Missouri, is launched.
1950		Riots break out in Johannesburg, South Africa, over the policy of Apartheid.
1967		Thirty-seven civilians are killed by a U.S. helicopter attack in Vietnam.
1979		President Jimmy Carter commutes the sentence of Patty Hearst.
1984		President Ronald Reagan announces that he will run for a second term.
1984		The Soviets issue a formal complaint against alleged U.S. arms treaty violations.
1991		Iraqi forces attack into Saudi Arabian town of Kafji, but are turned back by Coalition forces.
Born on January 29
1737		Thomas Paine, political essayist (The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason).
1843		William McKinley, 25th President of the United States.
1880		W.C. Fields, comedian and actor (David Copperfield, My Little Chickadee).

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January 28

28		The Roman Emperor Nerva names Trajan, an army general, as his successor.
1547		Henry VIII of England dies and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Edward VI.
1757		Ahmed Shah, the first King of Afghanistan, occupies Delhi and annexes the Punjab.
1792		Rebellious slaves in Santo Domingo launch an attack on the city of Cap.
1871		Surrounded by Prussian troops and suffering from famine, the French army in Paris surrenders. During the siege, balloons were used to keep contact with the outside world.
1915		The U.S. Coast Guard is founded to fight contraband trade and aid distressed vessels at sea.
1915		The German navy attacks the U.S. freighter William P. Frye, loaded with wheat for Britain.
1921		Albert Einstein startles Berlin by suggesting the possibility of measuring the universe.
1932		The Japanese attack Shanghai, China, and declare martial law.
1936		A fellow prison inmate slashes infamous kidnapper, Richard Loeb, to death.
1941		French General Charles DeGaulle‘s Free French forces sack south Libya oasis.
1945		Chiang Kai-shek renames the Ledo-Burma Road the Stilwell Road, in honor of General Joseph Stilwell.
1955		The U.S. Congress passes a bill allowing mobilization of troops if China should attack Taiwan.
1964		The Soviets down a U.S. jet over East Germany killing three.
1970		Israeli fighter jets attack the suburbs of Cairo.
1986		The space shuttle Challenger explodes just after liftoff.
Born on January 28
1693		Anna “Ivanovna”, Tsarina of Russia.
1706		John Baskerville, inventor of the “hot-pressing” method of printing.
1853		Jose Marti, Cuban poet and journalist, known as the “Apostle of the Cuban Revolution.”
1912		Jackson Pollock, influential abstract expressionist painter.

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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January 26

1699		The Treaty of Karlowitz ends the war between Austria and the Turks.
1720		Guilio Alberoni is ordered out of Spain after his abortive attempt to restore his country’s empire.
1788		A fleet of ships carrying convicts from England lands at Sydney Cove in Australia. The day is since known as Australia’s national day.
1861		Louisiana secedes from the Union.
1863		President Lincoln names General Joseph Hooker to replace Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
1875		Pinkerton agents, hunting Jesse James, kill his 18-year-old half-brother and seriously injure his mother with a bomb.
1885		General “Chinese” Gordon is killed on the palace steps in Khartoum by Sudanese Mahdists in Africa.
1924		Petrograd is renamed Leningrad.
1934		Germany signs a 10-year non-aggression pact with Poland, breaking the French alliance system.
1942		American Expeditionary Force lands in Northern Ireland.
1943		The first OSS (Office of Strategic Services) agent parachutes behind Japanese lines in Burma.
1964		Eighty-four people are arrested in a segregation protest in Atlanta.
1969		California is declared a disaster area after two days of flooding and mud slides.
2005		Condoleezza Rice is appointed to the post of secretary of state. The post makes her the highest ranking African-American woman ever to serve in an U.S. presidential cabinet.
Born on January 26
1715		Claude Helvétius, French philosopher.
1826		Julia Dent Grant, wife of Ulysses S. Grant.
1880		Douglas MacArthur, U.S. general in World War I, World War II and Korea.
1893		Bessie Coleman, pioneer aviator.
1944		Angela Davis, American activist.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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January 24

41		Shortly after declaring himself a god, Caligula is assassinated by two Praetorian tribunes.
1458		Matthias Corvinus, the son of John Hunyadi, is elected king of Hungary.
1639		Representatives from three Connecticut towns band together to write the Fundamental Orders, the first constitution in the New World.
1722		Czar Peter the Great caps his reforms in Russia with the “Table of Rank” which decrees a commoner can climb on merit to the highest positions.
1848		Gold is discovered by James Wilson Marshall at his partner Johann August Sutter’s sawmill on the South Fork of the American River, near Coloma, California.
1903		U.S. Secretary of State John Hay and British Ambassador Herbert create a joint commission to establish the Alaskan border.
1911		U.S. Cavalry is sent to preserve the neutrality of the Rio Grande during the Mexican Civil War.
1915		The German cruiser Blücher is sunk by a British squadron in the Battle of Dogger Bank.
1927		British expeditionary force of 12,000 is sent to China to protect concessions at Shanghai.
1931		The League of Nations rebukes Poland for the mistreatment of a German minority in Upper Silesia.
1945		A German attempt to relieve the besieged city of Budapest is finally halted by the Soviets.
1946		The UN establishes the International Atomic Energy Commission.
1951		Indian leader Nehru demands that the UN name Peking as an aggressor in Korea.
1965		Winston Churchill dies from a cerebral thrombosis at the age of 90.
1980		In a rebuff to the Soviets, the U.S. announces intentions to sell arms to China.
1982		A draft of Air Force history reports that the U.S. secretly sprayed herbicides on Laos during the Vietnam War.
Born on January 24
1712		Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia, noted for his social reforms and leading Prussia in military victories.
1732		Pierre de Beaumarchais, French dramatist (The Barber of Seville, The Marriage of Figaro).
1862		Edith Wharton, U.S. novelist who wrote Ethan Frome and The Age of Innocence.

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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January 23

1901		A great fire ravages Montreal, resulting in $2.5 million in property lost.
1913		The “Young Turks” revolt because they are angered by the concessions made at the London peace talks.
1932		Franklin D. Roosevelt enters the presidential race.
1948		The Soviets refuse UN entry into North Korea to administer elections.
1949		The Communist Chinese forces begin their advance on Nanking.
1950		Jerusalem becomes the official capital of Israel.
1951		President Truman creates the Commission on Internal Security and Individual Rights, to monitor the anti-Communist campaign.
1969		NASA unveils moon-landing craft.
1973		President Richard Nixon claims that Vietnam peace has been reached in Paris and that the POWs would be home in 60 days.
1977		Alex Haley’s Roots begins a record-breaking eight-night broadcast on ABC.
1981		Under international pressure, opposition leader Kim Dae Jung’s death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment in Seoul.
1986		U.S. begins maneuvers off the Libyan coast.
Born on January 23
1832		Édouard Manet, French impressionist painter best known for Luncheon in the Grass.
1899		Humphrey Bogart, U.S. film actor (The African Queen, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon).
1919		Ernie Kovacs, U.S. comedian and television personality.
1957		Princess Caroline of Monaco.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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January 21

1189		Philip Augustus, Henry II of England and Frederick Barbarossa assemble the troops for the Third Crusade.
1648		In Maryland, the first woman lawyer in the colonies, Margaret Brent, is denied a vote in the Maryland Assembly.
1785		Chippewa, Delaware, Ottawa and Wyandot Indians sign the treaty of Fort McIntosh, ceding present-day Ohio to the United States.
1790		Joseph Guillotine proposes a new, more humane method of execution: a machine designed to cut off the condemned person’s head as painlessly as possible.
1793		The French King Louis XVI is guillotined for treason.
1910		Japan rejects the American proposal to neutralize ownership of the Manchurian Railway.
1919		The German Krupp plant begins producing guns under the U.S. armistice terms.
1921		J.D. Rockefeller pledges $1 million for the relief of Europe’s destitute.
1930		An international arms control meeting opens in London.
1933		The League of Nations rejects Japanese terms for settlement with China.
1941		The United States lifts the ban on arms to the Soviet Union.
1942		In North Africa, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel launches a drive to push the British eastward. While the British benefited from radio-intercept-derived Ultra information, the Germans enjoyed an even speedier intelligence source.
1943		A Nazi daylight air raid kills 34 in a London school. When the anticipated invasion of Britain failed to materialize in 1940, Londoners relaxed, but soon they faced a frightening new threat.
1951		Communist troops force the UN army out of Inchon, Korea after a 12-hour attack.
1958		The Soviet Union calls for a ban on nuclear arms in Baghdad Pact countries.
1964		Carl T. Rowan is named the director of the United States Information Agency (USIA).
1968		In Vietnam, the Siege of Khe Sanh begins as North Vietnamese units surround U.S. Marines based on the hilltop headquarters.
1974		The U.S. Supreme Court decides that pregnant teachers can no longer be forced to take long leaves of absence.
1976		Leonid Brezhnev and Henry Kissinger meet to discuss Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT).
1977		President Carter urges 65 degrees as the maximum heat in homes to ease the energy crisis.
1993		Congressman Mike Espy of Mississippi is confirmed as Secretary of the Department of Agriculture.
Born on January 21
1737		Ethan Allen, American Revolutionary commander.
1824		Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, Confederate General.
1925		Benny Hill, British comedian.

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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January 20

1327		Edward II of England is deposed by his eldest son, Edward III.
1616		The French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrives to winter in a Huron Indian village after being wounded in a battle with Iroquois in New France.
1783		Britain signs a peace agreement with France and Spain, who allied against it in the American War of Independence.
1908		The Sullivan Ordinance bars women from smoking in public facilities in the United States.
1930		Charles Lindbergh arrives in New York, setting a cross country flying record of 14.75 hours.
1935		Belgium arrests some Nazi agitators who urge for a return to the Reich.
1941		Hitler meets with Mussolini and offers aid in Albania and Greece.
1942		Nazi officials meet in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to decide the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question.”
1944		Allied forces in Italy begin unsuccessful operations to cross the Rapido River and seize Cassino.
1945		Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated for his fourth term.
1945		The Allies sign a truce with the Hungarians.
1946		France’s Charles DeGaulle hands in his resignation.
1952		British troops occupy Ismalia, Egypt.
1954		Over 22,000 anti-Communist prisoners are turned over to UN forces in Korea.
1977		President Jimmy Carter is sworn in and then surprises the nation as he walks from the U.S. Capitol to the White House.
1981		Ronald Reagan is sworn in as president at the same time 52 American hostages are released from their captors in Tehran, Iran.
Born on January 20
1760		Charles III, King of Spain.
1732		Richard Henry Lee, American Revolutionary patriot and signatory of the Declaration of Independence.
1820		Anne Clough, promoter of higher education.
1893		Bessy Colman, first African American aviator.
1896		George Burns, comedian and actor in vaudeville, radio, television and film.
1910		Joy Adamson, British author and naturalist (Born Free).
1930		Dr. Edwin ‘Buzz’ Aldrin, second man to walk on the moon.

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Today In History: What Happened This Day In History

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January 18

1486		Henry VII marries Elizabeth of York.
1701		Frederick III, the elector of Brandenburg, becomes king of Prussia.
1778		Captain James Cook discovers the Hawaiian Islands, naming them the ‘Sandwich Islands’ after the First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Sandwich.
1836		Jim Bowie arrives at the Alamo to assist its Texas defenders.
1862		John Tyler, former president of the U.S., is buried at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond.
1902		The Isthmus Canal Commission in Washington shifts its support from Nicaragua to Panama as a favored canal site.
1910		Aviator Eugene Ely performs his first successful take off and landing from a ship in San Francisco.
1916		The Russians force the Turkish 3rd Army back to Erzurum.
1942		General MacArthur repels the Japanese in Bataan. The United States took the lead in the Far East war criminal trials.
1945		The German Army launches its second attempt to relieve the besieged city of Budapest from the advancing Red Army.
1948		Ghandi breaks a 121-hour fast after halting Muslem-Hindu riots.
1962		The United States begins spraying foliage with herbicides in South Vietnam, in order to reveal the whereabouts of Vietcong guerrillas.
1964		Plans are disclosed for the World Trade Center in New York.
1978		The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isolate the cause of Legionnaire’s disease.
1991		Iraq starts firing Scud missiles at Israeli cities.
Born on January 18
1782		Daniel Webster, congressman from New Hampshire, Massachusetts senator, and secretary of state before the Civil War.
1813		Joseph Glidden, inventor.
1858		Daniel Hale Williams, physician who performed the first open heart surgery, founder of Chicago’s Provident Hospital.
1882		A.A. [Alan Alexander] Milne, novelist, humorist and journalist (Winnie the Pooh).
1892		Oliver Hardy, film comedian, one half of Laurel and Hardy.
1904		Cary Grant, U.S. film actor (Gunga Din, Bringing Up Baby, The Philadelphia Story, North by Northwest).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History? Here is what! Well, some of it anyway!

Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
January 15

1624		Riots flare in Mexico when it is announced that all churches are to be closed.
1811		In a secret session, Congress plans to annex Spanish East Florida.
1865		Union troops capture Fort Fisher, North Carolina.
1913		The first telephone line between Berlin and New York is inaugurated.
1919		Peasants in Central Russia rise against the Bolsheviks.
1920		The Dry Law goes into effect in the United States. Selling liquor and beer becomes illegal.
1920		The United States approves a $150 million loan to Poland, Austria and Armenia to aid in their war with the Russian communists.
1927		The Dumbarton Bridge opens in San Francisco carrying the first auto traffic across the bay.
1929		The U.S. Senate ratifies the Kellogg-Briand anti-war pact.
1930		Amelia Earhart sets an aviation record for women at 171 mph in a Lockheed Vega.
1936		In London, Japan quits all naval disarmament talks after being denied equality.
1944		The U.S. Fifth Army successfully breaks the German Winter Line in Italy with the capture of Mount Trocchio.
1949		Chinese Communists occupy Tientsin after a 27-hour battle with Nationalist forces.
1965		Sir Winston Churchill suffers a severe stroke.
1967		Some 462 Yale faculty members call for an end to the bombing in North Vietnam.
1973		US President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action by US troops in Vietnam.
1973		Four of six remaining Watergate defendants plead guilty.
1975		The Alvor Agreement is signed, ending the Angolan War of independence and granting that country independence from Portugal.
1976		Sara Jane Moore sentenced to life in prison for her failed attempt to assassinate US President Gerald Ford.
1991		UN deadline for Iraq to withdraw its forces from occupied Kuwait passes, setting the stage for Operation Desert Storm.
1991		Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II approves Australia instituting its own Victoria Cross honors system, the first county in the British Commonwealth permitted to do so.
1992		Slovenia and Croatia’s independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is recognized by the international community.
2001		Wikipedia goes online.
Born on January 15
1622		Moliere [Jean Baptiste Poquelin], French comic dramatist best remembered for his play La Tartuffe.
1716		Philip Livingston, signatory to the Declaration of Independence.
1823		Mathew Brady, Civil War photographer.
1906		Aristotle Onassis, Greek tycoon.
1908		Edward Teller, Hungarian-born U.S. physicist known as the “Father of the H-bomb.”
1929		Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
1945		Princess Michael of Kent (Baroness Marie Christine Anna Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz), married to Prince Michael of Kent, grandson of Britain’s King George V.
1948		Ronnie Van Zant, singer, songwriter; founding member of Lynyrd Skynyrd band.
1982		Prince Alexander of Yugoslavia.

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Today In History: What Happened This Day In History “History is never OLD: The fleeting moment is…HISTORY!”- George-B

History is never OLD: The fleeting moment is…HISTORY!

Today In History: What Happened This Day In History

A chronological timetable of historical events that occurred on this day in history. Historical facts of the day in the areas of military, politics, science, music, sports, arts, entertainment and more. Discover what happened today in history.

Today in History
January 1

1500		The Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral searches the coast of Brazil and claims the region for Portugal.
1586		Sir Francis Drake launches a surprise attack on the heavily fortified city of Santo Domingo in Hipanola.
1698		The Abenaki Indians and Massachusetts colonists sign a treaty halting hostilities between the two.
1766		The Old Pretender, son of James III, dies.
1788		The Times, London’s oldest running newspaper, publishes its first edition.
1808		A U.S. law banning the import of slaves comes into effect, but is widely ignored.
1824		The Camp Street Theatre opens as the first English-language playhouse in New Orleans.
1830		William Lloyd Garrison publishes the first edition of a journal entitled The Liberator, calling for the complete and immediate emancipation of all slaves in the United States.
1863		Confederate General Braxton Bragg and Union General William Rosecrans readjust their troops as the Battle of Murfreesboro continues.
1863		President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the Confederacy.
1891		Facilities opened on Ellis Island, New York, to cope with the vast flood of immigrants coming into the United States.
1907		The Pure Food and Drug Act becomes law in the United States.
1915		The German submarine U-24 sinks the British battleship Formidable in the English Channel.
1918		The first gasoline pipeline begins operation. Along the 40 miles and three inches of pipe from Salt Creek to Casper, Wyoming.
1923		Sadi Lecointe sets a new aviation speed record flying an average of 208 mph at Istres.
1937		At a party at the Hormel Mansion in Minnesota, a guest wins $100 for naming a new canned meat–Spam.
1945		In Operation Bodenplatte, German planes attack American forward air bases in Europe. This is the last major offensive of the Luftwaffe.
1959		Fidel Castro seizes power in Cuba as General Fulgencio Batista flees.
1986		As the United States builds its strength in the Mediterranean, Libyan leader Muammar al-Qaddafi threatens to retaliate if attacked.
Born on January 1
1735		Paul Revere, U.S. patriot.
1752		Betsy Ross, flag maker.
1879		E.M. [Edward Morgan] Forster, English novelist (A Passage to India, A Room With a View).
1895		J. Edgar Hoover, founding director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI).
1919		J.D. [Jerome David] Salinger, U.S. novelist (The Catcher in the Rye, Franny and Zooey).

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Today In History. What Happened This Day In History

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Today in History
December 30

1460		The Duke of York is defeated and killed by Lancastrians at the Battle of Wakefield.
1803		The United States takes possession of the Louisiana area from France at New Orleans with a simple ceremony, the simultaneous lowering and raising of the national flags.
1861		Banks in the United States suspend the practice of redeeming paper money for metal currency, a practice that would continue until 1879.
1862		The draft of the Emancipation Proclamation is finished and circulated among President Abraham Lincoln’s cabinet for comment.
1905		Governor Frank Steunenberg of Idaho is killed by an assassin’s bomb.
1922		Soviet Russia is renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
1932		The Soviet Union bars food handouts for housewives under 36 years of age. They must now work to eat.
1947		Romania’s King Michael is forced to abdicate by Soviet-backed Communists. Communists now control all of Eastern Europe.
1965		Ferdinand E. Marcos is sworn in as the Philippine Republic’s sixth president.
1972		After two weeks of heavy bombing raids on North Vietnam, President Nixon halts the air offensive and agrees to resume peace negotiations with Hanoi representative Le Duc Tho.
1976		Governor Carey of New York pardons seven inmates, closing the book on the Attica uprising.
2006		Saddam Hussein, former Iraq dictator, is executed by hanging for crimes committed against his own people during his rule.
Born on December 30
1865		Rudyard Kipling, British author (Jungle Book, Soldiers Three).
1867		Simon Guggenheim, philanthropist and U.S. senator for Colorado.
1884		Tojo Hideki, Japanese Prime Minister during World War II.
1928		Bo Diddley, blues composer and singer.
1935		Sandy Koufax, Hall of Fame left-handed pitcher with the L.A. Dodgers.

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